在历史语境中理解马克思文本

Understanding Marx’s Texts in Historical Context

在马克思文本中,有的论述往往是针对特定的对象、特定的场合和特定的问题而言的,这就要求我们在解读文本时不能望文生义,用马克思成熟著作的观点套读他早期著作的有关论述,也不能把当代人的观点附加给马克思,而需要从一定的历史语境中去理解。应当遵循具体情况具体分析的方法,从原文所针对的具体历史事件中准确把握其真实含义,应当遵循历史主义方法,结合马克思当时的思想演变状况,在真正弄懂文本原意的基础上加以运用,同时借助整体综合的方法从马克思思想的内在联系中理解其精神实质。从而,力求准确、客观、完整地掌握马克思思想的真谛。

In the texts of Marx, some expositions are often for the particular objects and specific occasions or matters, which requires us not to take the words too literally. That is to say, neither can we use the viewpoints of Marx’s mature works to read the relevant expositions in early ones, nor can we attach the ones of contemporary people to Marx. In contrast, they should be understood in a certain historical context. Firstly, the method of concrete analysis should be followed so as to grasp the true meaning accurately of the original texts for the specific historical events. Secondly, the method of historicism should be followed with the evolution of Marx’s thought just at those historical occasions so as to put those expositions into use on the basis of true understanding of the original meanings of the texts. Thirdly, the method of holistic synthesis should be followed so as to understand the spiritual essence of Marx’s thought from the internal logic, thus grasping the views and methods of Marx’s thought accurately, objectively and completely.