广东省大气环境质量的时空分布特征

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Atmospheric Environmental Quality in Guangdong Province

随着社会经济的迅速发展、城市化进程的不断加快以及能源消费需求的增加,广东省大气污染问题日益成为人们关注的重要环境污染问题之一。为了进一步了解广东省主要大气污染物质量浓度的时空变化情况,以广东省21个地级市为研究对象,选用广东省生态环境厅历年发布的环境状况公报以及《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)中的SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5、O3-8 h,以及CO 24h平均第95%位数的质量浓度作为评价因子,基于ArcGIS 10.2软件分析平台,分析了广东省主要大气污染物的年际变化特征、空间分布特征及其变化原因。结果表明,1998-2017年间,广东省降水pH年均值由1998年的4.71提高到2017年的5.14,且大多年份维持在5.0-5.6之间,酸雨发生频率均属轻酸雨。除少数年份外,全省SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5、O3-8h和CO平均质量浓度均达到国家二级标准。空间分布上,全省大气主要污染物除NO2上升,O3-8h波动变化外,SO2、PM10、PM2.5和CO的质量浓度均呈现下降趋势。近年来,珠三角地区的大气环境首要污染物主要为O3-8h,其次为PM2.5和NO2,粤东西北地区除O3-8h和PM2.5污染较重外,PM10的污染也较为严重。总的来看,研究期间,广东大气环境质量逐年得到改善,主要原因在于全省在社会经济快速发展的同时,也加大了大气环境污染防治工作力度,取得了显著成效。

With the increasingly development of modern industry and traffic,the atmospheric environment is becoming a serious concern,which has directly threatened the human health,life quality,organism growth and the co-development among society,economy and environment.Since the China’s social and economic reform and opening up,Guangdong province’s gross domestic product(GDP)has topped in China for 30 consecutive years.However,with the rapid development of social economy,the acceleration of urbanization and the increase of energy consumption demand,the air pollution in Guangdong province has also become one of the widely-conermed environmental problems by publics.For effective control of the air pollution,a series of measures have been taken in recent years by Guangdong province’s government to meet the public requirements for a higher living environment standard.In order to quantify the changes of major air pollutants in Guangdong province,this study selected 21 prefecture-level cities as the study areas and collected data about the contents of SO2,NO2,PM10,and PM2 5,the daily average concentration of 03-8 h and the 24-hour average value with 95 percentile of CO as the evaluation factors based on the report on the state of Guangdong province environment published by the depanrtment of ecology and environment of Guangdong province and the ambient air quality standards of China(GB3095-2012).These evaluation factors were analyzed for annual temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric quality in Guangdong province by ArcGIS 10.2.Results showed that the average annual precipitation pH in Guangdong province increased from 4.71 in 1998 to 5.14 in 2017 and maintained between 5.0-5.6 in most of the years during the period from 1998 to 2017.The frequency of acid rain all belonged to the light acid rain area.Except for a few years,the contents of SO2,NO2,PM10,and PM2 5 as well as the daily average concentrations of 03-8 h and 95 percentile CO in Guangdong province were all reached the national secondary standards.As for the spatial distribution,except for the increase of NO2 concentration and the fluctuation of 03-8 h,the mass contents of S02,PM10,PM2 5 and CO all showed a decreasing trend.In the Pearl River Delta,the major pollutants in the atmosphere were 03-8 h,followed by PM2 5 and N02;while in the east,west and north areas of Guangdong Province,the pollution of PM10 was also serious in addition to the heavy pollutions of 03-8 h and PM2.5.Overall,the atmospheric environment quality in Guangdong Province has been improved annually during our research period.The main reason for this remarkable improvement was the result of the intensified prevention and control of air pollution mandated by the Guangdong provincial government during the rapidly economic development period.