苏联核计划与核反应堆的研制

The Soviet Nuclear Project and Development of the Nuclear Reactor

核反应堆是重要的核设施,对于开展核科学技术研究和实现核能利用具有重大意义。20世纪三四十年代,在政府的支持和组织下,苏联科学工作者经过不懈的理论探索和科学实验,攻克大量科学技术难题,相继建成欧洲第一座研究性核反应堆和工业核反应堆,并在此基础上开展了一系列核物理研究和实验研究,为苏联第一颗原子弹的研制和核工业的创建奠定了坚实的物质技术基础。

Reactors are important nuclear facilities and have special significance for conducting nuclear science and technology research and achieving nuclear energy utilization.In the 1930 s and 1940 s,with government support and organizing,Soviet scientists solved a large number of scientific and technological problems through unremitting theoretical exploration and scientific experiments.The first research reactor and industrial reactor were built in Europe successively,and a series of nuclear physics research and experimental research were carried out on this foundation.It guarantees a solid base in material and technology for the development of the first atomic bomb of the Soviet Union and the creation of the nuclear industry.