中国政治制度史研究百年发展脉络——基于通史类教材的考察

The Historical Development of the Chinese Political System in the Past 100 Years:Based on the Survey of General History Textbooks

从民国初年到21世纪初的百年时间里,中国政治制度史研究从传统以职官制为基础的典章汇编,到理性化、实证化新科学体系的建立;从对具体制度沿革的关注,到对现象背后治理体系变迁逻辑的思索,学科属性发生了从历史学向政治学的转移。学术演进路径大致经历了新中国成立前的“中西融合”,以及新中国成立后的“停滞断续”“恢复发展”“多元成熟”等四个阶段分期与时代转向。丰富多样的通史类教材,作为不同时期中国政治制度史研究的重要的成果转换之一,它不仅是中国政治制度史教育教学的“凭借”,也是最能与时代脉搏紧密相连,体现学科发展动态的“依据”,其重要性不言而喻。通过对百年来通史类教材的考察不难发现,目前我国的中国政治制度史研究应当在积极构建中国特色政治学话语体系的前提下,进一步强化政治学相关理论的应用,侧重对政体运行机制的研究。

In the 100 years from the early years of the Republic of China to the early 21st century,the study of the history of Chinese political system has changed from the traditional compilation of laws and regulations based on the official system to the establishment of a new scientific system of rationalization and substantialization.The subject attribute has shifted from history to politics,from paying attention to the evolution of specific institutions to thinking about the logic of governance system change behind the phenomenon.The academic evolution path roughly experienced the stage of“fusion of Chinese and the West”before the founding of New China,and four other stages after establishment of the People s Republic,that is,“intermittent”“development”“mature”and“diversified”.The major academic achievements of studying the history of China s political system represent those four different periods are the rich variety of history textbooks.They are not only education of the history of China s political system s“basis”,but also the most closely connected with the times,reflect the“foundation”of discipline development.It is not difficult to find that the study of the history of China s political system should further strengthen the application of the relevant theories of political science on the premise of actively constructing the discourse system of political science with Chinese characteristics,and focus on the study of the operational mechanism of political system.