微信访视对维持血液透析成年患者焦虑情绪的影响

Impacts of WeChat interview on anxiety in adult patients on maintenance hemodialysis

目的分析微信访视对维持血液透析成年患者焦虑情绪的影响。方法将2018年1月至10月我院接受维持血液透析治疗成年患者104例纳入研究,依随机数字表分对照组、研究组各52例。对照组患者开展常规健康宣教,研究组患者在对照组干预基础上运用微信访视。对比2组患者干预前后焦虑情绪变化、疾病知识知晓率、并发症以及社会支持与社会回避、苦恼评分。结果干预后3个月2组焦虑情绪改善,研究组改善效果更佳,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后研究组对定期复查重要性、合理用药知识、健康心理重要性、健康饮食知识、并发症防治知识、内瘘/导管护理、血液透析注意事项的知晓率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相较于对照组,研究组患者的高血压、感染、低血压、出血、高血钾、心力衰竭发生率更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后2组社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评分升高,研究组高于对照组;差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组干预后社交恐惧(SAD)评分低于干预前,研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论运用微信访视能有效改善维持血液透析成年患者的焦虑情绪,提高患者对疾病知识的认知,帮助患者回归社会,减少并发症发生,值得临床推广。

Objective To investigate the impacts of WeChat interview on anxiety in adult patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods A total of 104 adult patients who underwent maintenance hemodialysis in our hospital between January 2018 and October 2018 were included in the study, and randomized to the control group and the study group(n=52 each). Patients in the control group received conventional health education, and patients in the study group received WeChat interviews in addition to the same education as in the control group. The two groups were compared for anxiety, awareness of their disease, complications, social support rating scale(SRSS) and social avoidance and distress(SAD) scores before and after intervention. Results The both groups experienced improvement in anxiety at 3 months of intervention, but the improvement was significantly greater in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05). After the intervention, the study group show significantly better awareness about the im-portance of regular follow-up, rational medication, mental health, healthy diet, prevention and treatment of complications, nursing of the internal arteriovenous anastomosis/catheter, and cautions for hemodialysis( P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the incidence of hypertension, infection, hypotension, hemorrhage, hyperkalemia and heart failure was lower in the study group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). After the intervention, the SSRS scores of the two groups were higher, but the increase was significantly greater in the study group( P<0.05).The SAD scores of the two groups were lower than those before the intervention, and the study group showed signifi-cantly lower SAD score compared with the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion WeChat interview may effectively improve the anxiety in adult patients on maintenance hemodialysis, raise their awareness about their condition, help of disease knowledge, help easier return to society, reduce complications, and therefore is worthwhile for widespread use in clinical practice.