类型化基础法律关系视角下不当得利“没有法律根据”要件之证明责任分配

The Distribution of Burden of Proof in the “Unlawful Basis” Requirements for Unjust Proceeds from the Perspective of Type-based Legal Relationship

不当得利“没有法律根据”要件事实是不当得利构成要件中最难证明的一环。由此,该要件证明责任的分配将在很大程度上影响案件结果。学界和实务界目前已形成了不当得利的“非统一说”,并基于给付型和非给付型的分类就证明责任之分配建立了一定的规则。但缺乏精细化的分类易导致证明责任分配不公,对此,应细化不当得利的具体分类,以基础法律关系为方向研究类型化的形态,在“规范说”的指导下适度修正,保障两造当事人诉讼武器平等,维护利益衡平。

The fact that unjust enrichment“has no legal basis”is the most difficult part of the unfair advantage. As a result,the distribution of the element's burden of proof will, to a large extent,affect the outcome of the case. Academic and practical circles have now formed a “non-unified theory”of unjust enrichment,and have established certain rules on the distribution of burden of proof based on the classification of payoff and non-payment. However,the lack of refinement of classification can easily lead to unfair distribution of burden of proof. In this regard, the specific classification of unjust enrichment should be refined,and the type of formality should be studied in the direction of basic legal relations. It should be appropriately revised and guaranteed under the guidance of “normative theory”. The two parties made lawsuits to equalize arms and safeguard interests.