公司型社会企业的中国化:法律定位与监管逻辑

The Sinicization of Corporate Social Enterprises:Legal Orientation and Regulatory Logic

在中国经济社会转型的当下,公司型社会企业具有强烈的现实意义,社企型公司不能简单地被视为一种"认证标识",但其也不足以构成全新的企业法律形态,将之作为一种具有程序法意义的新的公司登记类别较为适宜。在公司型社会企业的立法取向上,英国的社区利益公司创造了一种介于营利与非营利之间的公司形式,美国的共益公司则定位为纯粹的营利性公司,由此导致两国在监管逻辑上的差异。对于我国来说,应当根据现实国情综合考量,寻找制度功能的最大公约数,探寻一条技术与价值互构的法律移植之路。优先且明确的公益目的、合理的分红限制和资产锁定的底线要求,应作为公司型社会企业必要的资格条件。对公司型社会企业的法律许可体现了对公司自治的充分尊重,因此有效而适度的监管应主要依赖信息披露进行,并通过利益相关者的诉权配置实现公司治理维度的拓展。

At the moment of China’s economic and social transformation,the social enterprises which choose corporate forms have strong practical significance. Corporate social enterprises cannot simply be regarded as a kind of"certification mark",but it is not enough to constitute a new legal form of enterprises. It would be more appropriate that is regarded as a new type of company registration in procedural significance. In the legislative orientation of corporate social enterprises,community interest company has created a form of company between profit and non-profit,meanwhile,benefit corporation is purely for-profit. As a result,it leds to the systematic differences in the regulatory logic for British and America. As far as China is concerned,it is necessary to consider the actual national conditions comprehensively, find the greatest common divisor of institutional functions for diversified rules,and then we should explore a legal transplant path from mutual construction of technology and value. Priority and clear public interest objectives,reasonable dividend limits and asset lock,should be the necessary qualifications for social enterprises which choose corporate form. Permitted by law for corporate social enterprises reflects the full respect to corporate autonomy. Therefore, effective and appropriate supervision should mainly rely on information disclosure, in addition corporate governance dimension is expanded through the allocation of stakeholders’ right to appeal.