考虑集装箱生命周期的空重箱班轮运输组织优化

Optimization of container shipping scheme and empty container reposition based on containers’ lifecycle

为在空箱调运时考虑空箱的维修成本和废弃收益,根据投入使用的时间区分空箱所处的生命阶段.在备选班轮航线和重箱运输需求确定的情况下,构建混合整数规划模型,优化班轮航线网络,重箱运输路径,新造箱的投入地点,老旧空箱的报废地点和各航次使用哪个生命阶段的空箱来执行运输任务.以中国,日韩,东南亚,欧洲和美国五个区域为对象的实证分析结果表明,93%的新造箱在中国投入使用,64%的老旧空箱在欧洲和美国退役,74%的由中国到美国的运输用箱处于高龄阶段或退出阶段.

To take the maintenance cost and scraping income of empty containers into account,the containers are divided into different stages of lifecycle by the time they have been put into use.Based on the given container shipping route alternatives and loaded container OD,a mixed integer programming model is built to optimize the liner shipping network,the moving paths for the loaded containers,the sites for putting the new ordered containers into use,the sites for craping the old containers and which lifecycle stage of containers to choose for container transportation.The area which consists of China,Japan and South Korea,Southeast Asia,Europe,and the United States is used to do the case study.The calculation results show that 93%of the new containers are put into use in China,the ratio of containers scrapped in Europe and the United States reaches 64%,while 74%of the empty containers used for shipping cargos from China to the United States are at or near the ends of their lifecycles.