基于设计思维的STEM教育创新课程研究及启示*——以斯坦福大学d.loft STEM课程为例

An Interdisciplinary STEM Case Study and Its Enlightenments Based on Design Thinking—A Case of STEM Course in d.loft STEM Project of Stanford University

随着全球经济与科学技术的快速发展,STEM教育已成为世界各国科技创新人才培养和教育教学改革的重要战略和途径。探索STEM教育应用模式,开发跨学科融合的STEM课程,是推动STEM教育开展的关键。为促进我国STEM教育课程设计与开发,该研究以美国斯坦福大学教育学院与设计学院合作的d.loft STEM Learning项目中的STEM课程为例进行案例研究,在详细介绍课程整体结构、课程活动设计及实施的基础上,分析并总结归纳该课程的特点。主要包括:基于设计思维培养学生核心技能与STEM素养,课程活动目标与美国《下一代科学教育标准》相对应,以真实问题与项目为载体实现跨学科整合,提供丰富的学习支架与工具促进有效学习的发生。在此基础上,围绕STEM教育与设计思维的核心理念,从学生能力培养出发,构建了基于设计思维的跨学科STEM课程模型,并提出相关实施建议,为STEM教育实践提供有价值的借鉴。

With the rapid development of global economy, science and technology, STEM education has become an important strategy for countries around the world to promote curriculum reform and cultivate innovative talents. Exploring the application model of STEM education and developing interdisciplinary integrated STEM courses are the keys to promote STEM education. d.loft STEM Learning project, a collaboration b etween the school of education and the d.school of Stanford university, integrates design thinking with STEM subject knowledge. Through hands-on and interactive Learning activities based on design thinking, it aims to cultivate students’ in-depth knowledge in STEM fields and 4C skills in the 21st century. This study takes the “shelter redesign” course of the d.loft STEM project as an example to conduct a case study. Based on the detailed introduction of its overall course structure, course activity design and implementation, the characteristics of the course are analyzed and summarized. At last, focusing on the core idea of STEM education and design thinking, and starting from the cultivation of students’ ability, an interdisciplinary STEM curriculum model based on design thinking is constructed to provide valuable reference for the practical application of STEM education.