近红外荧光材料在医学影像诊断中的构建与应用

Construction and application of near-infrared fluorescent materials in medical imaging diagnosis

近红外荧光材料包括传统分子染料和新型量子点。近红外光谱属于分子振动光谱的倍频和主频吸收光谱,主要由分子振动的非谐振性使分子振动从基态向高能级跃迁时产生,具有较强的人体组织穿透能力。近年来通过生物分子修饰的近红外荧光材料成为医学影像诊断的研究热点,其具有组织穿透性强、背景荧光干扰低、荧光信号灵敏度高、光谱稳定抗淬灭、分子靶向识别、生物安全性良好等特点。文章分析近红外荧光材料的构建方法以及在超声波、计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)、磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)和正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission computed tomography,PET)等临床影像检验中的应用,探讨多模态造影策略的诊断优势和关键技术,为进一步临床应用提供理论依据。

Near-infrared fluorescent materials include traditional molecular dyes and new quantum dots. Near-infrared spectroscopy belongs to the frequency doubling and main frequency absorption spectroscopy of molecular vibration spectroscopy. It is mainly produced by the non-resonance of molecular vibration when molecular vibration transits from ground state to a higher energy level,and possesses strong tissue penetrability. In recent years,near-infrared fluorescent materials modified by molecular biological techniques have become a research hotspot in medical imaging diagnosis. They have strong tissue penetrability,low background fluorescence interference,high fluorescence signal sensitivity,spectral stability,quenching resistance,molecular targeting recognition and good biological safety. In this paper,the construction of near-infrared fluorescent material and its application in clinical imaging examinations such as ultrasonography,CT,MRI and PET are analyzed. The diagnostic advantages and key techniques of multimodal contrast strategy are discussed,which provide theoretical basis for further clinical application.