学科分类体系下一流学科建设的路径选择

Path Selection of First-class Discipline Construction under Subject Classification System

一流学科是一流大学的重要支撑。托尼·比彻将知识划分为纯硬科学、纯软科学、应用硬科学和应用软科学。借助于这种分类方法,学科可以划分为:纯硬学科、纯软学科和应用学科三种类型。不同类型学科的发展逻辑存在差异:纯硬学科主要遵循的是知识演绎逻辑;纯软学科的发展以社会与政治逻辑为主;应用学科主要是以实践逻辑为主。这种差异为一流学科分类建设提供了依据。中国一流学科建设应该通过分类引导,实现分类发展;通过分类评价,对一流学科建设实行动态管理;创设学科交叉融合的外部环境,促进一流学科协同发展。

First-class disciplines are an important support for top universities. Tony Beecher divides knowledge into pure hard science, pure soft science, applied hard science, and applied soft science. With this classification method, disciplines can be divided into three types: purely hard, purely soft and applied. There are differences in the development logic of different types of disciplines: pure hard science follows the logic of knowledge deduction;pure soft science develops with social and political logic;applied science follows practical logic. This difference provides a scientific basis for the construction of China’s first-class disciplines. Specifically, China’s first-class discipline construction should be classified and guided to achieve classified development. Through classified evaluation and dynamic management of first-class discipline construction, an external environment with cross-disciplinary integration will be created to promote the coordinated development of first-class disciplines.