胃肠道手术患者术后胃肠道功能障碍的发病机制和治疗研究进展

Research Progress in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Postoperative Gastrointestinal Dysfunction after Gastrointestinal Surgery

术后胃肠道功能障碍是外科手术后常见的并发症,尤其是胃肠道手术,严重影响患者术后康复,是患者术后住院时间延长的主要原因。目前,国内外对术后胃肠道功能障碍进行了大量研究,其发病机制十分复杂,与手术方式、手术部位、麻醉方式、麻醉及术后镇痛药物、血流灌注、炎症反应及神经内分泌等诸多因素有关。术后胃肠道功能障碍的治疗方法很多,包括多模式镇痛、腹腔镜手术、围手术期目标导向液体疗法、尽早经口进食、嚼口香糖、中医疗法等。但目前有关术后胃肠道功能障碍的发病原因尚不清楚,防治措施也不够完善,故未来需进一步研究。

Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common complication after surgery,especially gastrointestinal surgery,which seriously affects the recovery of the patients,and is the main reason for the prolonged postoperative hospital stay.At present,a large number of studies on postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction have been carried out at home and abroad.The pathogenesis is very complicated,which is related to many factors,such as surgical methods,surgical sites,anesthesia methods,anesthetic and postoperative analgesic drugs,blood perfusion,inflammatory response and neuroendocrine.There are many treatments for postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction including multimodal analgesia,laparoscopic surgery,perioperative target-directed fluid therapy,early oral feeding,chewing gum,and traditional Chinese medicine therapy,etc.However,the etiology of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction is not clear,and the prevention and treatment measures are not perfect,so further research is needed in the future.