引文起飞的定义与量化方法研究

Definition and Quantification Methods of Citation Takeoff

在引文动态进程中,引文起飞是揭示学术成果被承认和关注的一个关键节点。在前期工作基础上,本文对引文起飞作进一步探索,提出人为参数、年度引文增长量K、年度引文增长率K、年均被引增长量M、年均被引增长率Mr五种量化识别“起飞”的候选方法。选择美国物理学会(American Physical Society,APS)引文数据进行实证检验,利用被引速率将引文曲线分为四类,进行引文起飞的识别。最后从识别效果及正确率等方面比较各方法优缺点,给出具体使用建议。人为参数能准确识别引文曲线中的起飞时点与引文的二次或多次起飞,但存在部分文献无法识别的现象。延迟承认型和厚积薄发型文献可通过人为参数和年度引文增长率Kr相结合的方法对进行识别,年均被引增长率Mr方法在领先优势型和昙花一现型文献中识别正确率较高。

During the dynamic process of citation,citation takeoff indicates a turning point in the recognition of academic achievements.Based on previous work,this paper makes a further exploration of the citation takeoff.Five quantitative methods that can be used for“takeoff”-the Artificial Parameters method,the Annual Citation Growth Amount K,the Annual Citation Growth Rate Kr,the Annual Averaged Cited Growth M,and the Annual Average Cited Growth Rate Mr-have been proposed.American Physical Society(APS)citation data were chosen,and the citation curve was divided into four categories by the citation speed to identify the citation takeoff.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared from the perspectives of recognition effect and accuracy,and detailed usage instructions are given.Though the Artificial Parameters method can accurately identify the time-point of“takeoff”and the second or multiple“takeoffs”in the citation curve,it cannot recognize all types of citations,especially in“flash in the pan”literature,which has a low recognition rate.The“delayed recognition”and“spur with long accumulation”literature can be identified by the combination of the Artificial Parameters method and the Annual Citation Growth Rate Kr,while the Annual Average Cited Growth Rate Mr has high accuracy in“leading edge”and“flash in the pan”literature.