笼养条件下坝上长尾鸡与海兰褐蛋鸡的鸡蛋营养成分和蛋品质比较

Comparison of Nutritional Components and Egg Quality between Bashang Long Tail Laying Hens and Hy-Line Brown Laying Hens in Cage

本试验旨在比较笼养条件下坝上长尾鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡的营养成分和蛋品质。试验随机选取30周龄坝上长尾鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡各180只,每个品种随机分成5个重复,每个重复36只,饲粮和饲养管理程序相同。在35周龄时,每个重复收集鸡蛋36枚,共计360枚。其中120枚检测鸡蛋的氨基酸、脂肪酸、胆固醇、维生素A、维生素B1和维生素B2以及微量元素铁、锌、锰、硒的含量,120枚进行常规营养成分(水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷的含量)分析,120枚用于测定蛋品质。结果表明:1)坝上长尾鸡的蛋重、哈氏单位和蛋白比例显著低于海兰褐蛋鸡(P<0.05),坝上长尾鸡的蛋黄比例和蛋形指数显著高于海兰褐蛋鸡(P<0.05)。坝上长尾鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡的蛋黄色泽和蛋壳强度没有显著差异(P>0.05)。2)坝上长尾鸡的鸡蛋中水分和粗蛋白质含量显著低于海兰褐蛋鸡(P<0.05)。坝上长尾鸡的鸡蛋中丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于海兰褐蛋鸡(P<0.05),坝上长尾鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡的鸡蛋中总氨基酸以及其他氨基酸含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。3)坝上长尾鸡的鸡蛋中粗脂肪、总脂肪酸、总饱和脂肪酸、总不饱和脂肪酸(包括总单不饱和脂肪酸和总多不饱和脂肪酸)、胆固醇、维生素A和维生素B1含量均显著高于海兰褐鸡蛋(P<0.05)。4)坝上长尾鸡的鸡蛋中钙、磷、锌、铁和锰含量均显著高于海兰褐蛋鸡(P<0.05)。由此可见,坝上长尾鸡的鸡蛋蛋重小、蛋白比例低、蛋黄比例高、水分含量低、脂肪酸(特别是不饱和脂肪酸)含量高,因而在鸡蛋营养成分上优于海兰褐蛋鸡。

This experiment was conducted to compare the nutritional components and egg quality between Bashang long tail laying hens and Hy-Line brown laying hens in cage.A total of 180 Bashang long tail laying hens and a total of 180 Hy-Line brown laying hens at 30-week-age were selected,and each breed were randomly divided into 5 replicates per group and 36 laying hens per replicate,and the diet and feeding management procedures were the same.At 35-week-age,each replicate collected 36 eggs,and there were altogether 360 eggs.A total of 120 eggs were used for determine the contents of amino acids,fatty acids,cholesterol,vitamin A,vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 as well as trace elements iron,zinc,manganese and selenium,a total of 120 eggs were used for analysis the routine nutritional components(contents of moisture,crude protein,ether extract,calcium and phosphorus),and a total of 120 eggs were used for determine the egg quality.The results showed as follows:1)the egg weight,Haugh unit and albumen ratio of Bashang long tail laying hens were significantly lower than those of Hy-Line brown laying hens(P<0.05),the yolk ratio and egg shape index of Bashang long tail laying hens were significantly higher than those of Hy-Line brown laying hens(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in yolk color and eggshell strength between Bashang long tail laying hens and HyLine brown laying hens(P>0.05).2)The contents of moisture and crude protein in eggs of Bashang long tail laying hens were significantly lower than those of Hy-Line brown laying hens(P<0.05).The contents of serine and proline in eggs of Bashang long tail laying hens were significantly higher than those of Hy-Line brown laying hens(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in contents of total amino acids and other amino acids in eggs between Bashang long tail laying hens and Hy-Line brown laying hens(P>0.05).3)The contents of ether extract,total fatty acids,total saturated fatty acids,total unsaturated fatty acids(including total mono-unsaturated fatty acids and total polyunsaturated fatty acids),cholesterol,vitamin A and vitamin B,in eggs of Bashang long tail laying hens were significantly higher than those of Hy-Line brown laying hens(P<0.05).4)The contents of calcium,phosphorus,zinc,iron and manganese in eggs of Bashang long tail laying hens were significantly lower than those of Hy-Line brown laying hens(P<0.05).In conclusion,the eggs of Bashang long tail laying hens have low egg weight,low albumen ratio,high yolk ratio,low moisture content and high fatty acid(especially unsaturated fatty acids)contents,which result the nutritional components are better than Hy-Line brown laying hens.