饲粮中黄芪多糖添加水平与n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸配比互作对育成生长期北极狐生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

Effects of Interaction of Dietary Astragalus Polysaccharide Supplemental Level and n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Arctic Fox During Growing Period

本试验旨在研究饲粮中黄芪多糖(APS)添加水平与n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)配比互作对育成生长期北极狐生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。采用双因素试验设计,以黄芪多糖添加水平(0和160 mg/kg)和n-6/n-3 PUFA配比(3和9)为试验因素。在预饲7 d不添加APS、n-6/n-3 PUFA配比为3的基础饲粮以适应干粉饲粮后,将102日龄、健康的48只雄性北极狐随机分成4组,每组12个重复,每个重复1只。1和2组北极狐饲喂不添加APS、n-6/n-3 PUFA配比分别为3和9的饲粮,3和4组北极狐饲喂添加160 mg/kg APS、n-6/n-3 PUFA配比分别为3和9的饲粮。正试期46 d。结果显示:1)102~125日龄阶段,未添加APS组平均日增重(ADG)极显著高于添加160 mg/kg APS组(P<0.01),n-6/n-3 PUFA配比为9时料重比(F/G)极显著高于n-6/n-3 PUFA配比为3时(P<0.01);4组之中,2组的ADG最高,F/G最低。125~147日龄阶段,添加160 mg/kg APS组ADG显著高于未添加APS组(P<0.05),且F/G极显著低于未添加APS组(P<0.01);4组之中,4组的ADG最高,F/G最低。饲粮中APS添加水平与n-6/n-3 PUFA配比互作极显著影响102~125日龄和125~147日龄平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01),且2个日龄阶段均以1组ADFI最高。2)添加160 mg/kg APS组血清中葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著低于未添加APS组(P<0.05),n-6/n-3 PUFA配比为9时血清中GLU含量极显著低于n-6/n-3 PUFA配比为3时(P<0.01),最终表现为4组血清GLU含量最低;饲粮中APS添加水平或n-6/n-3 PUFA配比单一作用或二者互作对血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)饲粮中APS添加水平和n-6/n-3 PUFA配比互作极显著或显著影响了血清中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量(P<0.01或P<0.05),血清IgM含量以4组最高,显著高于2和3组(P<0.05),但血清中IL-2含量各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);添加160 mg/kg APS组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著高于未添加APS组(P<0.05),4组之中以4组略高,但各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)添加160 mg/kg APS组血清白球比(A/G)显著低于未添加APS组(P<0.05),4组之中以4组最低;饲粮中APS添加水平或n-6/n-3 PUFA配比单一作用或二者互作对血清中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和球蛋白(GLOB)含量均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。综上可知,当饲粮中APS添加水平为160 mg/kg且n-6/n-3 PUFA配比为9时,对血糖具有调节作用,并可增加血清中IgM和IgG的含量,降低血清中A/G,从而提高125~147日龄北极狐的生长性能。

This experiment was conducted to study the Interaction of dietary Astragalus polysaccharide(APS)supplemental level and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)ratio on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of arctic fox during growing period.A double-factor trial design was used in this experiment.One factor was APS supplemental level which was 0 and 160 mg/kg,respectively.The other factor was n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio which was 3 and 9,respectively.All fox fed a diet without APS and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 3 in order to adapt powdered diet.After feeding 7 days,forty-eight male 102-day-old arctic fox were randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 replicates per group and 1 fox per replicate.The diets without APS and n-6/n-3 PUFA with the ratio of 3 and 9 were used in group 1 and group 2,respectively.The diets with160 mg/kg APS and n-6/n-3 PUFA with the ratio of 3 and 9 were used in group 3 and group 4,respectively.The trial period was 46 days.The results showed as follows:1)at 102 to 125 days of age,APS supplemental level was 0 mg/kg,the average daily gain(ADG)of arctic fox in unadded APS group was significantly higher than that of added 160 mg/kg APS group(P<0.01),and when the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA was 9,the feed/gain(F/G)of arctic fox was significantly higher than that when the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA was 3,with the highest ADG and lowest F/G in the group 2.At 125 to 147 days of age,the ADG in added 160 mg/kg APS group was significantly higher than that in un-added APS group(P<0.05),and the F/G was significantly lower than that in un-added APS group(P<0.01).The group 4 had the highest ADG and the lowest F/G among four groups.The interaction between dietary APS supplemental level and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio significantly affected the average daily feed intake(ADFI)at 102 to 125 and 125 to147 days of age(P<0.01),with the highest ADFI in group 1 those two stages.2)Serum glucose(GLU)content in added 160 mg/kg APS group was significantly lower than that in un-added APS group(P<0.05),and when the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA was9,the serum GLU content was significantly lower than that when the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA was 3(P<0.01).The group 4 had the lowest GLU content.The interaction between dietary APS supplemental level and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio or dietary APS supplemental level or n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio had no significant effects on serum tri-glyceride(TG),cholesterol(CHO),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)contents(P>0.05).3)The interaction betw een dietary APS supplemental level and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was significantly affected the contents of serum immunoglobulin M(IgM)and interleukin-2(IL-2).Serum IgM was the highest in group 4,which was significantly higher than that of group 2 and group 3(P<0.05),but no significant difference in the serum IL-2 content was found among four groups(P>0.05).Serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)content in added 160 mg/kg APS group was significantly higher than that in un-added APS group(P<0.05).Group 4 was slightly higher,but no significant difference was found among four groups(P>0.05).4)Serum albumin/globulin(A/G)in added 160 mg/kg APS group was significantly low er than that in un-added APS group(P<0.05),which was the low est in group 4.Dietary APS supplemental level or n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio or the interaction of them had no significant effects on serum total protein(TP),albumin(ALB)and globulin(GLOB)contents(P>0.05).In summary,when dietary APS supplemental level is 160 mg/kg and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA is 9,it has regulation effect on blood glucose,and can increase the contents of serum IgM and IgG,decrease serum A/G,thus improve the grow th performance of arctic fox at the age of 125 to 147 days of age.