公民生态道德养成逻辑理念:从主体性、他者性到主体间性

Logic Behind Ecological Morality: Subjectivity,Otherness and Inter-subjectivity

近代以来,关于人与自然关系的看法历经了三种变化,相应地,公民生态道德养成也经历了三个彼此勾连的逻辑阶段:自启蒙运动之后,人类对自身“主体性”的过分追捧使得“人为中心”理念成为诠释人与自然关系的指导理念,国家与公民围绕这一理念形成了不同的道德规范条例以及具体执行模式;随着生态危机的日益加重以及越治越乱的现实情状,人类开始重估自身价值,一些学者通过确立“他者”在交往过程中的优先性而赋予了自然以核心地位,由此,国家与公民形成了与此理念相应的“生态乌托邦”式的道德规范条例以及具体执行模式;而在以“主体间性”为特征的人与自然应该和谐相处的理论阶段,公民生态道德养成则需要通过教育、训练和反省等方式来增强,以促进人与自然和谐相处。

Along with different views on relationship between man and nature,the logic behind ecological morality changes from subjectivity,otherness to inter-subjectivity.The Enlightenment attached importance to subjectivity,which made“people first”the logic behind the relationship between man and nature.Later out of the ecological crisis was born“otherness”.Accordingly,“ecological utopia”norms were developed.In the period characterized by inter-subjectivity where man and nature should live in harmony,ecological morality can be developed through education,training and reflection.