桂林市冬季大气PM2.5中重金属污染物健康风险评估

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric PM2.5 during Winter in Guilin

通过监测桂林市2014年冬季大气PM2.5中11种元素的质量浓度,运用富集因子解析其来源,并开展重金属潜在生态风险、人体暴露和健康风险评价。结果表明:Cd富集因子>10,表明Cd的来源主要是人为源;其他元素富集因子均<10,主要来源为自然源。生态危害程度Cd和Hg为极强,Pb为强,As为较强,其他元素均为轻微。总的潜在生态风险指数(RI)为19385.3,远高于600,生态风险为极强。各元素经呼吸摄入的非致癌风险由高到低为As>Cd>Cr>Pb>Hg,致癌风险由高到低为Cr>As>Cd>Pb;儿童和成人的总致癌风险分别为1.68×10^-7a^-1和3.84×10^-7a^-1,风险甚微。

According to the mass concentrations of 11 elementals in PM2.5 in Guilin during the winter of 2014,the potential ecological risk,human exposure and health risk of heavy metals were evaluated and the source was analyzed by enrichment factor.The results showed that the enrichment factor of Cd in fine particles was greater than 10,indicating that Cd was from human activities.The enrichment factors of other elements were all less than 10,indicating that they all came from nature.Cd and Hg had extremely strong potential ecological hazard,Pb had strong hazard,As had relatively strong hazard,other elements had slight hazard.The total potential ecological risk index(RI)was 19 385.3,which was much larger than 600,indicating high ecological risks existence.The non-carcinogenic risk level of each element in inhalable particles from high to low was As>Cd>Cr>Pb>Hg,while the carcinogenic risk level from high to low was Cr>As>Cd>Pb.The total carcinogenic risk for children and adult were 1.68×10^-7 a^-1 and 3.84×10^-7 a^-1,respectively,both were negligible to health risks.