从技术型交通规划到政策型交通规划——法国巴黎大区交通出行规划(PDUIF)的启示

From Technical Oriented to Policy Guided Transportation Planning: Lessons from the Plan de Déplacements Urbans de Ile-de-France(PDUIF)

法国从20世纪80年代发展起来的城市交通出行规划(简称PDU)是值得中国借鉴学习的交通规划创新。它改变了以往侧重机动交通的“交通组织规划”所体现的技术型规划思维,将人的出行需求作为规划的出发点,探索向以跨部门协作为基础、以综合性目标为引领的政策型规划转变。以最具代表性的巴黎大区交通出行规划为例,分三个阶段阐述法国PDU的发展历程,并说明各阶段规划主要的技术路线、规划内容和策略措施。最后,从观念认识、目标设定、规划内容、方法和技术路线、编制程序等方面总结技术型规划与政策型规划的特点。

The Plan de Deplacements Urbans(PDU)first developed in 1980s in France is worthy of learning because of its innovative ideas in transportation planning.By altering the past technical oriented transportation planning that focuses on the motorized operation,the PDU takes people travel demand as the starting-point of transportation planning and experiments the cross-agencies collaboration as basis in order to transform the transportation planning into the policy-guided planning with the comprehensive objectives.Taking the typical Paris transport planning as an example,this paper introduces the PDU development history and the major technical steps,content and strategies at each planning stage.Finally,the paper summarizes the characteristics of technical oriented planning and policy guided planning in conceptual thinking,objective establishing,planning contents,and methodology as well as the application procedure.