不同有机物料在黄壤旱地中的腐解特性及养分释放特征

NutrientRelease Patterns and Decomposition Characteristics of Different Organic Materials in Yellow Soil Upland

以玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆和猪粪为研究对象,采用尼龙网袋填埋法,结合一级动力学方程拟合,研究了不同有机物料在等碳量还田条件下翻埋入黄壤旱地后的腐解特性和养分释放特征。以期为贵州省黄壤旱地条件下有机物料还田和资源化利用提供理论依据。结果表明:经过180d腐解后,不同有机物料腐解均表现为前期快后期慢的趋势,三种有机物料累计腐解率为60.98%~62.69%,表现为水稻秸秆>玉米秸秆>猪粪;动力学方程拟合结果表明,玉米秸秆处理腐解率最低,达到腐解平衡的时间较短;水稻秸秆和猪粪养分释放率均表现为钾>磷>氮>碳,玉米秸秆养分释放率表现为钾>磷>氮>碳;有机物料中碳、氮、磷和钾的释放率分别为58.50%~78.75%、54.96%~69.26%、75.29%~91.66%和93.49%~98.07%。总体表现为秸秆类累积腐解率大于粪肥,各有机物料中钾素释放速率较高,施用玉米秸秆维持并提高旱作黄壤肥力的较好措施。

With corn straw,rice straw and pig manure as the research objects,the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release characteristics of different organic materials buried in yellow soil upland under the condition of equal carbon amount were studied by nylon mesh bag landfill method combined with first-order kinetic equation fitting.In order to provide a theoretical basis for returning organic materials to the field and resource utilization in upland yellow soil of Guizhou province.The results showed that,after 180 days of decomposition,the decomposition of different organic materials showed a trend of fast in the early stage and slow in the later stage.The cumulative decomposition rate of the three organic materials was 60.98%~62.69%,which was manifested as rice straw>maize straw>pig manure.The results of kinetic equation fitting showed that the decomposition rate of corn straw treatment was the lowest and the time to reach the decomposition equilibrium was short.The nutrient release rates of both rice straw and pig manure were nitrogen>potassium>phosphorus>carbon,and the nutrient release rates of corn straw were potassium>phosphorus>nitrogen>carbon.The release rates of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in organic materials were 58.50~78.75%,54.96%~69.26%,75.29%~91.66%and 93.49%~98.07%,respectively.The results showed that the cumulative decomposition rate of straw was higher than that of manure,and the potassium release rate of organic materials was higher.Application of corn straw is a good measure to maintain and improve the fertility of yellow soil upland.