基于认知负荷理论的维持性血液透析患者限制液体摄入健康教育

Cognitive load theory based health education of fluid restriction strategies for maintenance hemodialysis patients

目的探讨基于认知负荷理论的维持性血液透析患者限制液体摄入健康教育策略的应用效果。方法将100例维持性血液透析依从性差的患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各50例,对照组给予维持性血液透析常规护理及健康教育,观察组采用认知负荷理论构建并实施患者限制液体摄入健康教育策略,观察两组干预前和干预6个月液体摄入依从性及血液透析并发症发生率。结果干预后两组液体摄入依从性总分均较干预前显著提高,且观察组依从性得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);观察组高血压、低血压、心律失常、肌肉痉挛发生率显著低于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论实施基于认知负荷理论的健康教育策略,可提高维持性血液透析患者限制液体摄入的依从性,降低并发症发生率。

Objective To investigate the effect of cognitive load theory based health education of fluid restriction for maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods Totally,100 patients with poor compliance with maintenance hemodialysis therapy were randomized to receive either routine nursing care and health education regarding maintenance hemodialysis(the control group,n=50),or cognitive load theory based health education of fluid restriction(the intervention group,n=50).Fluid intake adherence before and 6 months after the intervention,as well as the incidence of hemodialysis complications between the 2 groups were compared.Results There were significant differences in before-after total scores of fluid intake adherence in the 2 groups,with the intervention group having significantly higher post-intervention scores than their counterparts(P<0.05,P<0.01).The incidence rates of hypertension,hypotension,arrhythmia and muscle spasm in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.01 for all).Conclusion Cognitive load theory based health education strategies can improve compliance with fluid restriction in patients on maintenance hemodialysis therapy,and reduce the incidence rates of hemodialysis complications.