海南地区15岁以上居民健康素养及其慢性病现况调查

Investigation on the status of health literacy and chronic diseases among residents over 15 years old in Hainan area

目的调查海南地区15岁以上居民健康素养及其慢性非传染性疾病(以下简称慢性病)现况。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,通过问卷调查和体格检查调查海南地区15岁以上常住居民健康素养及其慢性病情况,包括基本信息、常见慢性病患病情况、居民对健康知识/信息/服务的获取能力和对健康生活方式/健康技能的掌握程度。结果 3940名居民中,共有871人(22.12%)患有慢性病,其中高血压患病率最高,为16.98%,其次为糖尿病(8.53%),仅患1种慢性病人数最多,占63.84%;其次为同时患有2种慢性病,占23.77%;1例同时患有5种慢性病。居民健康素养调查显示,对“医疗急救电话”的回答正确率最高,为96.88%;对结核病的回答正确率最低,为48.53%。居民健康素养评分中,及格占多数,为48.16%,优秀和不及格占比大致相同,分别为26.74%和25.10%。患慢性病的居民年龄、文化水平、健康素养与未患慢性病居民比较差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。结论海南地区15岁以上居民常见慢性病患病率较低,但居民健康素养水平较低,应根据不同人群特征调整健康教育方案。

Objective To investigate the current status of health literacy and chronic non-communicable diseases (chronic diseases) among residents over 15 years old in Hainan area. Method A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to investigate the health literacy and chronic diseases of permanent residents over 15 years old in Hainan area by questionnaire and physical examination, including basic information, common chronic diseases, residents'ability to acquire health knowledge/information/ services, and the process of mastering healthy lifestyle/health skills. Result Among 3940 residents, 871 csaes (22.12%) had chronic diseases. Among them, the highest prevalence rate of hypertension was 16.98%, followed by diabetes mellitus, and the prevalence rate was 8.53%, only 1 of them had the largest number of chronic diseases, accounting for 63.84%, followed by 2 chronic diseases, accounting for 23.77%;1 case had 5 chronic diseases at the same time. In the survey of residents' health literacy, the correct rate of answering the "medical emergency telephone" was the highest, being 96.88%, and the correct rate for tuberculosis was the lowest, being 48.53%. The majority of residents' health literacy scores were 48.16%, and the proportion of excellent and failing grades was roughly the same, 26.74% and 25.10% respectively. There were significant differences in age, education level, health literacy between residents with chronic diseases and those without chronic diseases (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of common chronic diseases in the residents over 15 years old in Hainan area is low, but the health literacy level of the residents is low. The health education plan should be adjusted according to the characteristics of different population.