陶行知乡村学前教育实验述论

On Tao Xingzhi’s Experiment of Rural Preschool Education

1927至1937年期间,陶行知开展了乡村学前教育实验。该实验的理论基础是陶行知的生活教育理论和师范教育理论。陶行知乡村学前教育实验的主要内容包括乡村幼稚园课程实验和乡村幼儿师范教育实验。陶行知主张以乡村儿童的生活作为乡村幼稚园课程的中心,同时在批判旧的师范教育弊端的基础上,以“教学做合一”为原则,通过幼稚师范院和“艺友制”两种方式培养幼儿教师。陶行知乡村学前教育实验开辟了一条学前教育中国化的道路,对当下中国乡村学前教育课程建设和乡村幼儿师资培养具有重要借鉴意义。

During the period from 1927 to 1937,Tao Xingzhi carried out experiments of rural preschool education,the basis of which was his theories of life education and normal education.The main contents of the preschool education experiment in Tao Xingzhi’s rural education include the experiments in curriculum in the rural kindergarten and rural preschool teacher s education.Tao Xingzhi advocated taking the life of rural kids as the center of the curriculum.At the same time,on the basis of criticizing the defects of the old normal education,he took“teaching-learning-doing”as the principle of training kindergarten teachers through the two methods of infant normal school and“Art Mate”.The rural preschool education experiment by Tao Xingzhi has opened up a path of Chinese preschool education,which is of great significance for the current construction of rural preschool education curriculum and the cultivation of rural preschool teachers.