梅洛-庞蒂身体现象学对哲学传统的超越意义

The Advantage of Merleau-Ponty’s Body Phenomenology Over Philosophy Tradition

20世纪身体现象学的出现引发了人们对于哲学传统、哲学认识方法的反思。莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂具有代表性的以其对身体的诉诸,拆解了哲学建立在“意识介质”内的传统哲学二元论的构想,逐渐凸显以“知觉体验”容纳现代哲学“非思”特征的现象学构思。梅洛-庞蒂主张身体现象学在一定程度上体现了现代哲学反省传统以来的意识哲学的路向,以知觉体验打破人类最初对身体主体的漠视,体现了对胡塞尔以来现象学原则“回到事情本身”的贯穿与超越。知觉体验不仅将身体还给了“此在”,而且在身体的场域、处境揭示中更进一步地揭示了世界的意义,梅洛-庞蒂身体现象学将现象学拉回生活世界的程度加深,体现了对人与世界关联意义的揭示,值得在现代进行审思。

In the twentieth Century,body phenomenology has aroused reflection on philosophy tradition and philosophical approach. Merleau-Ponty is a representative figure. With his own interpretation of body,his idea deconstructed the traditional philosophical duality idea that is constructed “consciousness media” and presented a phenomenology idea that highlights “sense experience” and tolerates “non-pense” idea in modern philosophy. His idea presents,to some extent,consciousness philosophy where modern philosophy reflects on tradition. Breaking man’s ignorance of body,sense experience is superior to the phenomenological principle “backing to the event itself” since Husserl. It not only gives body to “present” but also reveals the meaning of world with body’s context and condition. Merleau-Ponty’s body phenomenology draws phenomenology back to the world of life in a deeper sense as a disclosure of the relation between man and the world,and hence it is worth reflecting.