以历史主体能动性视角透视《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》

A Perspective of “The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte” From the Perspective of Historical Subject Initiative

马克思在撰写《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》时,首次使用历史唯物主义的观点和方法来说明法兰西第二共和国的兴亡史,这部著作给我们国家留下了许多宝贵的理论和方法。文章以历史主体的能动性为视角,分别从三个方面综述:第一方面,人的观念、意志对历史变革的推动作用,分析了路易·波拿巴成功发动政变的原因以及法国的空想社会主义对无产阶级的影响;第二方面,批判两种错误的历史观念,要学会用科学的手段和分析方法去解释历史;第三方面,揭示了当时的法国小农缺乏主体意识,并且不能够正确的认识自己和社会,进一步强调了人民群众才是历史创造的主体。

When Marx wrote “The 18 th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte”,he firstly used the viewpoints and methods of historical materialism to explain the rise and fall of the Second Republic of France,which left many valuable theories and methods to. From the perspective of historical subject initiative,this paper summarizes three aspects:first,the role of people’s ideas and will in promoting historical change,the reasons for Louis Bonaparte’s successful coup,and the influence of French utopian socialism on the proletariat;second,criticizing two wrong historical concepts,we should learn to use scientific means and analysts. The third aspect reveals that the small-scale peasants in France at that time lacked subjective consciousness and could not correctly understand themselves and society,further emphasizing that the masses of the people were the main body of historical creation.