鄱阳湖现有水环境监测点时空分布特征分析

Analysis of Temporal-spatial Distribution Characteristics of Water Quality Monitoring Stations in Poyang Lake

水环境监测布点的科学性直接影响水环境评价,如何评价鄱阳湖水环境现状和演化趋势,在时间、空间和频次上构建科学合理的时空监测体系是评价鄱阳湖水环境健康的关键。通过分析环保、水利和科研院所等单位现有的布点和监测数据,鄱阳湖水环境监测布点应按以下原则设定:(1)鄱阳湖水环境全年应设监测点35个,监测断面29个;(2)鄱阳湖采样时间频率上至少每月一次,具体采样时间避开采砂等人类生产活动的影响,采样时间一般定在每月下旬,且在采样当天前5d没有下雨且透明度在30 cm以上;(3)鄱阳湖空间异质性高,水质监测需分区采样,监测点的水质数据仅代表分区水质状况;(4)鄱阳湖需逆水流方向采样,确保采集不同水样;(5)鄱阳湖水环境监测需与水文监测同步进行,监测指标至少不能少于常规监测的营养盐及物理参数等。

How to set up water environment monitoring sites will have a direct effect on evaluating the water environment. The key point of accessing the Poyang Lake water quality status and evolution trend is to establish a scientific and reasonable monitoring system in terms of time,space and frequency. Based on the analysis of sites distribution and monitoring data from the relevant agencies,the water environment monitoring sites in the Poyang Lake should be set up as follows:(1)There should be 35 sites and 29 sections for environment monitoring in the Poyang Lake every year;(2)Water sampling should be taken at least once a month without human production activities,such as sand mining. The time of sampling should be put on the late of month,and there should be no raining 5d before sampling and the transparency of sampling should beyond 30cm;(3)Due to high spatial heterogeneity in the Poyang Lake,and the water sampling only reflects water quality monitoring results in its area,it needs to take sampling from different areas;(4)Sampling should be conducted in the reverse water flow direction to ensure its diversity;(5)Water environment monitoring should be carried out with hydrologic monitoring simultaneously,and monitoring indicators should include at least nutrient and physical parameters.