元谋干热气候资源特征分析

Analysis of Characteristics of Dry-hot Climate Resources in Yuanmou

元谋是云南省金沙江流域区典型的干热河谷盆地。为客观评价元谋干热气候资源和气候特征,选取云南省125个县市的气温、降水、日照、相对湿度进行气象因子的主成分分析,选取元谋县近54年来几个特殊影响时段的气温和降水数据进行气候倾向分析和小波周期分析。结果表明,元谋是云南省的高热量和强光日照区、最干燥区和光热资源高效利用区。热量因子主成分得分在滇中河谷盆地中北部最高,光日照因子主成分得分居云南省最高,干湿因子主成分得分在云南省最低;年降水量趋势变化不明显(-0.64mm/a),2001年后年降水量变化趋势明显,变化周期依次为26a、16a、2~4a;长夏季平均气温有-0.009℃/a的较明显趋势变化,2009年由明显下降变为明显上升,变化周期依次为25a、17a、4~6a;最冷时段平均最低气温有-0.036℃/a的明显趋势变化,变化周期依次为19a、4~6a;11~2月时段平均气温变化周期依次为8a、3a。

Yuanmou is a typical dry -hot valley basin in the Jinshajiang River basin in Yunnan province. The data of the temperature, precipitation, sunshine and relative humidity in 125 counties of Yunnan Province were selected to analysis principal component, temperature and precipitation in Yuanmou County during the special duration in recent 54 years, which were taken to do climate tendency and wavelet analysis. The results show that Yuanmou is a region with high heat and strong sunlight, the most dry and heat resources efficient use in Yunnan Province. The score of the heat factor principal component is the highest in the north of the middle Yunnan valley basin;the score of the light sunshine factor principal component is the highest in Yunnan, and the score of the dry and wet factor is the lowest in Yunnan Province. The trend of the annual precipitation change is not obvious (-0.64 mm/a), of which the change cycles are 26a, 16a, 2-4a;There is an obvious change trend of the average temperature in summer with -0.009℃/a, of which the change cycles are 25a, 17a and 4-6a;There is no obvious change of the average minimum temperature in the coldest duration with -0.036 ℃/a, of which the change cycles are 19a, 4-6a;The change cycles of the average temperature between November and Februarye are 8a and 3a.