宁夏黄灌区专用青贮玉米品种生产性能和营养价值研究

Yield and nutritional value of silage maize varieties in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area

为给宁夏黄灌区选择优良的专用型青贮玉米,采用随机区组设计,在宁夏黄灌区对引进的5个国外品种(CLO131、CLO132、CLO133、CLO134和CLO135)和1个本地品种(金刚青贮50)生产性能、营养成分、干物质和中性洗涤纤维体外消化率进行分析。结果表明:1)引进品种能在宁夏黄灌区正常生长,无大面积病虫害发生。2)品种间株高差异显著(P<0.05),所有引进品种株高低于对照品种(300.3cm),CLO132株高最高,为291.7cm,CLO133株高最低,为254.3cm。对照品种产量为5786.6kg·hm^-2,高于所有引进品种,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)品种间粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和淀粉含量差异显著(P<0.05),CLO135粗蛋白含量最高,为9.23%;对照组中性洗涤纤维含量最高为33.43%,CLO132、CLO134和CLO135中性洗涤纤维含量均低于30%;引进品种CLO135淀粉含量最高为43.11%;对照品种与引进品种酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分和木质素含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同品种钙含量差异显著(P<0.05),对照品种钙含量为0.44%高于引进品种。4)品种间体外干物质消化率和中性洗涤纤维消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),CLO135体外干物质消化率和中性洗涤纤维消化率较高,分别为89.08%和58.17%。综合评价得出适宜宁夏黄灌区种植专用型青贮玉米品种顺序为CLO135>CLO134>CLO131>CLO132>CLO133>CK,CLO135作为专用型青贮玉米在宁夏黄灌区进行推广具有最大潜力。

The aim of this research was to identify suitable varieties of Zea mays for silage production in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area.A randomized block design was used,and data collected on yield performance,nutrient composition,in vitro digestibility of dry matter and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber,for five foreign varieties of Z.mays bred for silage(CLO131,CLO1312,CLO133,CLO134 and CLO135)and one Chinese silage variety of Z.mays(Jingang Silage 50,JGS50)as the control variety(CK).All tested varieties had normal growth and no major pest or disease outbreaks occurred.The mean plant height of JGS50 was 300.3 cm,while plant height of the introduced varieties ranged from 254.3 cm(CLO133)to 291.7 cm(CLO132),but these differences were non-significant(P>0.05).The content of crude protein,neutral detergent fiber and starch differed significantly(P<0.05)among varieties,with CLO135 having the highest crude protein content(9.23%),and CLO134 having the lowest(8.38%).The neutral detergent fiber contents of CLO132,CLO134 and CLO135 were all lower than 30%;the variety with the highest starch content was CLO135(43.11%).There were no significant differences(P>0.05)among varieties in the acid detergent fiber,ether extract,crude ash and lignin levels.The calcium content differed significantly between varieties(P<0.05),and the calcium content of the control variety was 0.44%higher than the other varieties.The in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)and neutral detergent fiber digestibility(IVNDFD)of CLO135 were 89.08%and 58.17%,respectively,and did not differ among varieties(P>0.05).Considering all measured parameters,the suitability ranking of the six tested Z.mays silage cultivars for maize silage production in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation district was CLO135>CLO134>CLO131>CLO132>CLO133>CK.CLO135 showed the highest overall potential and therefore can be recommended as the preferred variety for silage maize growers in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area.