综合找矿模型在甲基卡隐伏区稀有锂金属找矿中的应用

Application of comprehensive prospecting model to rare lithium metal exploration in Jiajika concealed ore deposit

锂金属是重要的战略新兴关键矿产之一。寻找超大型稀有锂金属隐伏矿是中国矿床学界的一大难题。甲基卡广为第四系覆盖,以往的找矿和勘查工作主要局限在南部“就脉找矿”。笔者通过对超大型X03锂矿床的找矿实践,建立了“岩浆-变形-变质-成矿”四位一体控矿要素和成矿模式,归纳总结了地质-地球物理-地球化学异常的内在关联,从远景区分析、找矿靶区圈定、矿床(矿)预测定位的层次与流程,建立的第四系掩盖区隐伏稀有锂金属的综合找矿模型,在指导稀有金属找矿中取得了快速突破,是一个典型的成功实例。建议继续加强该矿田花岗岩基的深部延伸及岩石组合特征、伟晶岩(矿)脉的形成富集规律等研究,注重隐伏花岗岩株(枝)与伟晶岩(矿)脉的找矿相连部位的找矿,开展深部锂等稀有金属的资源潜力预测。

Lithium, as an energy resource and storage metal, is one of the most important and strategic minerals in China. To look for the concealed lithium ore deposit is a major challenge in western China. In Jiajika area, the lithium ore deposit is widely covered by the Quaternary strata. Previous geological prospecting and exploration model was limited to only detecting concealed lithium deposit based on pegmatite outcrops in the south. Therefore, based on the successful discovery of the giant X03 lithium deposit, this paper summarizes the ore-forming mechanism with the authors’four-in-one ore-controlling elements of magma, deformation, metamorphism and metallogenesis. The authors also summarized the internal correlation between geological, geophysical and geochemical anomalies. The authors have established comprehensive prospecting workflow for the discovery of concealed lithium deposits covered by Quaternary sediments, which includes 1) prospective area analysis, 2) prospecting target area delineation, and ore (mine) prediction and locating as well as process generalization. This workflow guided researchers in rare metal prospecting and achieved rapid breakthrough, which set a good example for successful practice. It is recommended to study further the deep geological structure of the orefield, especially the deep extension of the granite base, the rock combination characteristics, and the formation of pegmatites and enrichment of lithium. The authors then focused on the transition part of concealed granite (branches) and pegmatite (mine) veins, and carried out the resource potential prediction of rare metals including lithium and other elements.