基于游戏引擎的机场鸟击风险三维可视化方法

3D Visualization Method of Airport Bird Strike Risk Based on Game Engine

鸟击事件是威胁航空安全以及导致航空事故发生的最主要原因之一.鸟类生态调查研究和鸟击风险防控是机场必要的日常业务.为了使机场鸟击防范工作更有针对性,对存在于三维空间中抽象的鸟击风险评估结果进行可视化具有重要应用价值.本文提出一种基于游戏引擎的鸟击风险三维可视化方法,并以厦门翔安国际机场为例,开发了一套鸟击风险可视化系统来实现该方法.构建了机场周边10×40平方公里上空的三维地理场景及鸟击风险三维标量场,叠加机场净空区三维模型,根据鸟情观测数据,模拟鸟类飞行路径,最后通过摄像头漫游与飞机飞行模拟的方式实现了风险场场景的沉浸式动态展示.该系统可为机场飞行安全管控提供辅助决策支持.

The bird strike is one of the most important reasons that threaten aviation safety and cause aviation accidents. The National Civil Aviation Administration stipulates that bird ecological surveys and bird strike risk assessments must be carried out for new airports. Bird strike risk in three-dimensional (3D) realworld is an abstract concept. The visualizing bird strike risk can make the airport bird strike prevention work more targeted. This study proposed a 3D visualization method of bird strike risk based on game engine. Taking Xiamen Xiang'an International Airport as an example, we developed a bird strike risk visualization system to realize this method. Firstly, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and remote sensing images around the airport were used to construct 3D terrain model. Next, the airport clearance map was used with 3DMAX to build 3D model. Then, the bird strike risk was assessed according to landuse, birdwatching data, and other groundtruth with geographical information system software as a tool. These 3D scalar field of bird strike risk and bird flight path were simulated on Unity3D, a serious game platform. Finally, functions such as fusing all the above elements together, displaying the risk scenarios dynamicly through camera roaming and aircraft flight simulation were developed. These functions can better show the spatial distribution and level of bird strike risk around the airport, and thus can carry out more targeted bird strike prevention strategies and provide decision support for the managers.