1Larry P Tilley, Francis W K Smith Jr. Blackwell's five minute Veterinary consult: canine and feline[M]. 4th ed. Iowa: Blackwell, 2007: 24.
2Joanna Morris, Jane Dobson. Small animal oncology[M]. Iowa: Blackwell, 2001 : 135.
3Stephen J. Withrow, David M Vail. Small Animal Clinical Oncology[M]. 4th ed. St Louise: Sauders Elsevier, 2006 : 503-510.
4Vail D M, Withrow S J, Schwarz P D, et al. Perianal adenocarcinoma in the canine male: a retrospective study of 41 cases [J]. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 1990,26(3): 329-334.
5Pisani G, Millanta F, Lorenzi D, et al. Androgen receptor expression in normal, hyperplastie and neoplastic hepatoid glands in the dog[J]. Research in Veterinary Science, 2006,81(2) : 231-236.