干燥方式、储存温度和品种对玉米中伏马毒素B1的影响

Effects of Drying Treatment, Storage Temperature and Cultivar on Fumonisin B1 in Maize

伏马毒素B1广泛存在于玉米中,是玉米及其制品质量安全的重要危害因子。选取23个玉米品种为研究对象,对不同干燥方式(烘干、晒干和晾干)和不同储藏温度(4、15、25℃、常温)对其中伏马毒素B1的影响进行研究,结果表明:玉米进行烘干、晒干和晾干后放置3个月后,伏马毒素B1含量为烘干<晒干<晾干,玉米水分含量与伏马毒素B1含量显著相关(r=0.678);不同温度中放置3个月后,伏马毒素B1含量由小到大为4℃<15℃<25℃<室温;烘干、4℃储存玉米中伏马毒素B1含量分别为0~1.39mg/kg(平均值0.40mg/kg)、0.08~1.60mg/kg(平均值0.78mg/kg),均低于美国FDA规定的最高限量(2mg/kg);品种对玉米中伏马毒素B1含量影响显著。烘干、4℃储存、选取高抗镰刀菌玉米品种可有效控制在储藏过程中伏马毒素B1对玉米的污染。

Fumonisin B1 exists widely in maize,which is an important hazard factor for the quality and safety of maize and its products.The effects of different drying methods (drying in machine,drying under sunshine and drying indoors) and storage temperature (4,15,25 ℃ and room temperature) on fumonisin B1 in 23 maize cultivars were studied.The results showed that the highest fumonisin B1 was tested in maize with drying indoors,and the lowest with machine drying after 3 months storage.A strong correlation between maize moisture and fumonisin B1 development was found ( r =0.678).Placed in different temperature after 3 months,the sequence of fumonisin B1 in maize after stored in different temperature for 3 months was 4 ℃<15 ℃<25 ℃< room temperature.The ranges of fumonisin B1 in maize with drying in machine and 4 ℃ storage were 0~1.39 mg/kg (average 0.40 mg/kg) and 0.08~1.60 mg/kg (average 0.78 mg/kg) respectively,which were within the limit of FDA (2 mg/kg).Cultivar affected fumonisin B1 in maize significantly.Drying in machine,4 ℃ storage and resistant cultivar to fusarium spp.could be helpful to control the contamination of fumonisin B1 during the storage process.