电解水在利用虾壳提取甲壳素中的应用研究

Application of Electrolyzed Water in Extracting Chitin from Shrimp Shell

为开发一种生产甲壳素的环保处理工艺,以虾壳为原料,将电解水处理作为核心技术,用于脱除虾壳中矿物质与蛋白质。结果表明,1%NaCl制备的酸性、碱性电解水较0.1%NaCl制备的酸性、碱性电解水脱矿物质及脱蛋白程度更高。在20V电压,先用1%NaCl制备的酸性电解水脱矿物质6h后再用碱性电解水脱蛋白质6h,从虾壳中提取甲壳素,提取率为19.46%,矿物质脱除率为99.64%,蛋白质脱除率为97.99%,甲壳素产品中蛋白质含量为3.67%,灰分含量为0.97%,水分含量为4.82%,铅、砷元素含量分别为5.1mg/kg和0.025mg/kg,均符合国家标准,且节省盐酸使用量96.48%。相比而言,交换酸性、碱性电解水处理顺序,提取的甲壳素脱矿物质和脱蛋白程度均有所下降。此外,扫描电镜观察、红外光谱分析、热重分析和差热分析等试验结果表明,电解水处理工艺与传统方法提取的甲壳素的理化性质基本一致。

The electrolyzed water treatment as the core technology was applied into demineralization and deproteinization of shrimp shell to develop a new environment-friendly process for producing chitin. The results showed that the removal efficacy of mineral and protein with the electrolyzed water prepared with 1 %NaCl was more significant than that of 0.1 %NaCl. Under the condition of voltage 20 V, the extraction rate of chitin was 19.46 % with the treatment of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW)(1 %NaCl) for 6 h followed by basic electrolyzed water (BEW)(1 %NaCl) for 6 h and its protein removal rate and mineral removal rate were 97.99 % and 99.64 %, respectively. Moreover, the ash and protein content of chitin were 0.97 % and 3.67 %, resp-ectively, and its moisture content was 4.82 %. The lead and arsenic content were 5.1 mg/kg and 0.025 mg/kg, respectively, which were all in accordance with the national standards. Also, it could save hydrochloric acid to 96.48 % compared to the traditional method. In contrast, the exchange of AEW and BEW treatment sequence could decline the degrees of demineralization and deproteinization. The results also proved that the physical and chemical properties of chitin extracted by electrolyzed water treatment were consistent with the chitin extracted by traditional method through scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis.