中小学女生月经初潮年龄的相关因素分析

Menarche age and its related factors among girls of primary and secondary schools

【目的】了解中小学女生月经初潮年龄分布情况及相关因素,为开展健康教育提供依据。【方法】采用分层整群抽取2016年9—10月就读于上海市嘉定区小学四年级至高中二年级的女生2476名进行横断面调查及身高体重的测量,分析人口学特征、月经初潮年龄分布情况,采用多重线性回归分析月经初潮年龄的相关影响因素。【结果】采用概率单位回归法计算嘉定区女生月经初潮平均年龄为12.11岁,95%的可信区间为10.20~14.38岁,女生月经初潮年龄主要与父母关系、户籍、BMI及学习压力有关。【结论】嘉定区女生月经初潮年龄与上海市女生月经初潮年龄基本一致,BMI及环境因素与月经初潮年龄关系密切,需针对性改善青春期保健服务。

[Objective] To investigate the age distribution of menarche and its related factors of primary and secondary school girls,so as to provide a basis for the development of health education.[Methods] A cross-sectional survey and measurement of height and weight were conducted among 2 476 school girls from grade 4 of primary school to grade 2 of senior school in Jiading District of Shanghai from September to October 2016.Demographic characteristics and age distribution of menarche,and the relationship between age of menarche and its relevant factors were analyzed by multiple linear regression.[Results] Probability unit regression method demonstrated that the age of menarche of female students was 12.11 years old,and 95%CI was 10.20~14.38 years old.The age of menarche of female students was mainly related to the relationship between parents,household registration,body mass index and learning pressure.[Conclusion] The age of menarche of female students in Jiading District is basically the same as that of female students in Shanghai,and the body mass index and environmental factors have a close influence on the age of menarche,which requires targeted improvement of adolescent health care services.