2011—2018年北京市通州区儿童急性呼吸道感染九种病毒性病原体监测研究

Surveillance of nine viral pathogens of acute respiratory tract infection in children in Tongzhou District,Beijing,2011-2018

目的了解北京市通州区儿童急性呼吸道感染病毒性病原体感染情况及流行病学特征,为疾病监测和防控策略的制定提供依据。方法选取2011年1月-2018年6月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院就诊的儿童急性呼吸道感染病例,使用多重实时荧光PCR检测九种呼吸道病毒性病原体,分析各呼吸道病毒性病原体感染情况。结果 544例急性呼吸道感染儿童中,呼吸道病毒性病原体检测阳性者174例,阳性率为32.0%。其中鼻病毒和流感病毒的阳性率分别为9.4%和8.6%,高于其他病原体。各季节呼吸道病原体阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义;不同季节病原体构成比较,差异有统计学意义。病原体阳性患儿流涕发生率高于阴性患儿(P=0.015);急性上呼吸道感染患儿中呼吸道病原体阳性率高于肺炎患儿中的阳性率(43.9%vs 22.3%,P<0.001)。相比较肺炎,流感病毒、鼻病毒、偏肺病毒、冠状病毒和肠道病毒更易在急性上呼吸道感染中检出。结论通州区儿童急性呼吸道感染主要由鼻病毒和流感病毒两种呼吸道病原体所致,呼吸道病毒更易引起急性上呼吸道感染。

Objective To understand the viral pathogen infection and epidemiological characteristics of children with acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI) in Tongzhou District of Beijing, and provide evidence for making strategies for disease surveillance, prevention and control. Methods ARTI in children in Beijing Luhe Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University between January 2011 and June 2018 were selected, nine kinds of respiratory viral pathogens were detected by multiplex real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction, and the infection status of each respiratory viral pathogen was analyzed. Results Among 544 children with ARTI, 174 were positive for respi-ratory tract viral pathogens, positive rate was 32.0%. Positive rates of rhinovirus and influenza virus were 9.4% and 8.6% respectively, which were higher than those of other pathogens. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of respiratory tract pathogens in different seasons;constituent of respiratory tract pathogens in different seasons was significant. Incidence of runny nose in children with positive pathogens was higher than that in children with negative pathogens ( P =0.015);positive rate of respiratory pathogens in children with acute upper respiratory tract infection was higher than that in children with pneumonia(43.9% vs 22.3%, P <0.001). Compared with pneumonia, influenza virus, rhinovirus, metapneumovirus, coronavirus and enterovirus were more likely to be isolated from acute upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusion Acute respiratory tract infection in children in Tongzhou District are mainly caused by rhinovirus and influenza virus, respiratory virus is more likely to cause acute upper respiratory tract infection.