经济调整期文学理论话语的突破和重建

Breakthrough and Reconstruction of the Literary Theoretical Discourse in the Economic Transitional Period

经济调整期政治对文学的松绑,尤其是以周恩来为代表的中央领导人就文艺工作所作的系列报告讲话,不仅就文艺工作者“如何走路”、“为谁服务”指明了方向,还就“文艺政治关系”、“文艺特殊规律”、“文艺领导方式”作出明确指示,既为改善“文艺政治风气”、改进“文艺领导方式”、重视“文艺客观规律”和鼓励作家“敢说、敢想、敢做”营造了健康的政治局面,又为周扬直接领导“总结中国经验”的全国高等学校文科教材编写工作提供了历史可能和政策保障。经济调整期前后中苏关系破裂迫使中国走上“独立自主、自力更生”的道路,这又使得文学理论建设在“反教条化”、“反样板化”过程中努力突破“苏联模式”,进而探索建设符合中国经验的文艺理论话语体系。

The political regulation of literature had been loosened in the economic transitional period in the early 1960s.The leaders of central committee represented by Zhou Enlai had made a series of talks on the questions of developing directions,for whom literature should serve,the relation between literature and politics,the peculiar regularity of literature and art,ways of leadership on literature.It created the healthy political environment for improving leadership of literature,respecting the peculiarity of literary creation,and free speech of writers,etc..It also provided the political guard and historical possibility for Zhou Yang’s working team on compilation and publication of college textbooks.The split with China-USSR alliance had urged China to the way of“self-determination and self-reliance”during the economic transitional period.It also contributed to the breakthrough of“soviet model”of literary theoretical constructions with the anti-dogmatic and anti-exemplar endeavor,and explored the Chinese literary theoretical system out of the historical experience of China.