三重审美文化中的刘慈欣小说

Liu Cixin’s Science Fiction from the Viewpoint of Triple Aesthetical Culture

刘慈欣的小说在圈内圈外影响均甚广,专业评论、大众阅读、精英白领对其的接受视域各不相同。审美文化概念的提出可以兼顾作品的美学属性、接受视域和泛文化背景等诸多方面的思考。从审美文化角度对刘慈欣小说进行探讨,可以构建出“刘慈欣审美”的三重向度:一是在科技发展与生态危机的平衡中,文化调和的需要极为迫切,“后人类”的审美于是浮出地表;二是出身于山西省阳泉市的刘慈欣自然携带着地方性的文化基因,实现了“山药蛋审美”的别样赓续;三是文学艺术的本质总是指向更“高层”的理念,刘慈欣小说中蕴含的人类可征服宇宙的理念本质上是崇高美学的现实赋形。

Liu Cixin’s science fiction has a wide range of audiences from expert review,popular readership and elite white-collar group and with different receptive views respectively.The concept of aesthetical culture can balance multiple considerations of aesthetic features,receptive views,and cultural backgrounds.The triple dimensions of“Liu Cixin’s Aesthetics”can be observed in his science fiction works.Firstly,the cultural reconciliation is in great need for the balance of technical development and ecological crisis.It gives rise to the emergence of“post-human”aesthetics.Secondly,the local cultural gene that Liu Cixin inherits from his hometown Shanxi can be taken as the development of“country aesthetics”(shanyaodan aesthetics).Thirdly,literature and art always point to the higher idea of essence.The idea of human conquering universe is the realistic embodiment of sublime.