论茅盾的“古为今用”观——以对“卧薪尝胆”剧本的评论为中心

On Mao Dun’s Historical View of “Appropriation of the Past for Presence”——Centering on Mao’s Review on Historical Dramas

茅盾1961年发表《历史和历史剧》一文,采用“解剖麻雀”的方式,细致梳理、研究了以“卧薪尝胆”为题材的诸多剧本。他立足史料,厘清了不同作者对原本历史的增删、改写,使读者自然体会到过度修改历史、“以今变古”的荒谬,对当时历史与历史剧的论争作出了自己的回答。这其中既体现出茅盾作为思想家的敏感,也显示出他“不趋时”的研究路径。曹禺的《胆剑篇》得到茅盾赞赏,正是因为其在处理历史和虚构问题上掌握了恰当的“分寸”。与当时的多数人不同,茅盾认真研读文本、并在此基础上独立提出和思考问题的研究方法具有重要的方法论意义。

Mao Dun had analyzed several historical dramas themed on the story of King Goujian’s revenge as shown in the essay entitled“History and Historical Drama”in 1961.Mao Dun compared various versions,the adaption of original historical narratives,which made the readers feel the absurdity of over-adaption of history and“revising the past from present perspective”.Mao Dun gave his own answer to the debate on history and historical dramas,which not only revealed his astuteness as thinker,but also the independence in research.Cao Yu’s drama Story of King Goujian(Danjianpian)had been highly praised by Mao Dun for its adequate treatment about the tension between history and fiction.Mao Dun situated his question on the solid basis of close reading of the text and conducted his analysis independently,which was distinct from his contemporaneous fellows with methodological significance.