污染环境罪其他直接责任人认定标准的反思与重构

Reflection and Reconstruction of Identification Standards of Other Persons Directly Responsible for Environmental Pollution Crime

污染环境罪司法实践中基层员工同案不同判的现象,说明存在不能明确区分其他参加者和其他直接责任人的问题。这一问题表明我国法律与学理上存在着缺陷——重要作用内涵不清和除外情形规定模糊。其他直接责任人的认定标准,应明确预防犯罪的目的和主客观相统一、责任主义原则。基于预防犯罪和责任主义原则的考虑,应以不处罚基层员工为一般情况,以认定其他直接责任人为例外情况。例外情形的确定应考察基层员工的犯罪意志形成,如基层员工具有特殊职责或明显的主观积极意志,可认定为其他直接责任人员。

The phenomenon of different judgments of grassroots employees in the judicial practice indicated that other participants and other directly responsible persons could not be distinguished.This problem showed that there were some defects in the legal and academic aspects of our country including unclear connotation of important function and vague provision of exception.The criteria for the identification of other directly responsible persons should clarify the purpose of crime prevention,the unity of subjectivity and objectivity and the principle of responsibility.Based on the principles of crime prevention and accountability,the general situation should be punishable by not punishing grassroots employees,with the exception of other directly responsible persons.The determination of exceptions should consider the formation of the criminal will of grassroots employees who with special responsibilities or obvious subjective positive will would be identified as other directly responsible persons.