勐腊自然保护区亚洲象活动的时空规律及保护建议

Activities Spatial-temporal Rules and Protection Suggestions of Elephas maximus in Mengla Nature Reserve

采取野外监测和跟踪调查、资料查阅、村寨访谈、数据分析等方法,分析亚洲象在勐腊保护区的活动区域变化,季节、日的活动规律。结果发现,与2010年相比,亚洲象的活动范围已扩大到勐腊保护区60%的区域以及保护区以外的东北部区域,这些区域主要在人类活动频繁的村落周围;在活动时间上,一年中活动最频繁的时间为4—8月,一天中活动最频繁的时间为下午到夜晚(17—21点),表明亚洲象的活动区域、活动范围与食源密切相关。对亚洲象保护的管理规范、群众保护意识有所增强等有利因素和食源减少、食性改变、栖息地减少等不利因素进行分析;提出引导当地居民调整种植结构、合理安排生产活动时间,开展跨境保护、加强栖息地保护,加强宣传、建立预警预报系统等缓解人象冲突的对策。

The regional changes,seasonal and daily activities of Elephas maximus in Mengla Nature Reserve were analyzed by means of field monitoring,follow-up survey,literature consultation,villager interviews and data analysis.The results showed that compared with 2010,the activities range of Elephas maximus expanded to the 60% of Mengla Nature Reserve and the northeastern region outside the reserve around villages where human activities were frequent.The most frequent time of activity in a year was from April to August,and the most frequent time of activity in a day was from afternoon to night,which indicated that the activity area and range of Elephas maximus were closely related to its food source.This paper analyzed the favorable factors of Elephas maximus protection such as standard management, increased awareness of public protection,and the unfavorable factors such as fewer food sources,changes in food habitats and habitat reduction,as well as suggested to guide local residents to adjust their planting structure,rationally arrange production time,carry out cross-border protection,promote habitat protection,strengthen publicity and establish early warning and forecasting system to alleviate human-elephant conflict.