数字加密货币交易活动中的洗钱风险:来源、证据与启示

Money Laundering Risk of Cryptocurrency Transaction Activities:Source, Evidence and Inspiration

以比特币为代表的数字加密货币因其具有匿名、去中心化等特征,易被不法分子用作洗钱工具。在相关理论阐述的基础上,本文结合事件研究法实证分析了数字加密货币主要交易国出台反洗钱公告对其价格和交易量的影响。结果表明,反洗钱公告通过向非法投资者传递数字加密货币反洗钱监管加强的信号,导致非法资金大量撤出市场,数字加密货币价格显著下跌,交易量显著上涨,且这种影响会因为政策公告的类型以及公告国对数字加密货币的态度不同而有所区别。本文认为,数字加密货币交易活动中存在洗钱风险;要防范这类风险,各国金融监管部门需明确数字加密货币法律属性,拓宽监管边界,创新监管技术,协同国际合作;数字加密货币交易所要严格落实一线反洗钱责任;央行应积极试点法定数字货币。

The cryptocurrency represented by Bitcoin is easy to be used by criminals as money laundering tools because of its anonymity and decentralization. Based on the theoretical interpretation, this paper empirically analysed how anti-money laundering bulletins launched by main trading countries influenced the price and transaction volume of the cryptocurrency.The results showed that the anti-money laundering bulletins transmitted the signals of tougher regulation to illegal investors,causing a large number of illegal funds to be withdrawn from the market, followed by the significant fall of the price of cryptocurrency and the significant rise of the transaction volume. What is more, this effect is different due to the type of bulletins and the attitude of the nation to the cryptocurrency. According to this paper, the money laundering risk in cryptocurrency transaction activities does exist. In order to prevent such risks, regulatory authorities should make the legal property of the cryptocurrency clear, broaden the regulatory boundary, innovate the regulatory technology, and strengthen cooperation with other countries. Secondly, the cryptocurrency exchange should strictly implement on the first line anti-money laundering responsibility. Finally, the central bank should actively pilot the Central Bank Digital Currency.