时代嬗变与文学自觉——魏晋南北朝文学自觉的再界定

Evolution of the Times and Literary Consciousness:Re-Definition of Literary Consciousness in the Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties

古代文学观为杂文学观,杂文学为自觉的主体,功能是其本质特征。文学自觉指文学意识到自身的独特属性与价值,形成自洽的体系,进入独立发展的道路,精致化、体系化与个性化为其标志特征。文学自觉是文学内部的整体质变,只在全面的维度上才有意义,局部变化并非自觉的实现。自觉判定标准体现于文学活动的整体环节,魏晋南北朝满足了既定标准,实现了文学自觉。个体意识自觉是文学自觉的必要前提,后者是前者的确证与标志之一。文学自觉并非对前代文学与实用文学的否定,而是对文学发展的客观认识。自觉文学与非自觉文学、纯文学与实用文学间并非替代关系,而是共存关系。

The concept of ancient literature is a mixed one,and the mixed literature works as the main body of consciousness with the function as its essential characteristic.Literary consciousness means that literature recognizes its own unique attributes and values,forms a self-consistent system,and enters the path of independent development,which is characterized by refinement,systematization and individualization.As an overall qualitative change within literature,literary consciousness matters only in a comprehensive dimension,and regional changes are not the realization of consciousness.The judgement of consciousness runs throughout the whole process of literary activities,and the literature in the Wei, Jin,and Southern and Northern Dynasties meet all the criteria,realizing this kind of literary consciousness.The consciousness of individual awareness is a necessary prerequisite for literary consciousness,and the latter the verification of the former as well as one of the its symbols.Literary consciousness is not a negation of the previous literature and practical literature,but an objective understanding of the development of literature.The relationships between conscious literature and non-conscious one,pure literature and practical one are not those of substitute,but a kind of coexistence.