民国时期中国经济学构建的探索——以留学生为中心的考察

The Exploration of Constructing Chinese Economics in the Period of the Republic of China:With a Focus on Chinese Overseas Students

构建中国经济学不仅是当前我国经济学界需要完成的历史使命,而且可以追溯到民国时期"海归"经济学家的积极探索。文章通过解读民国时期留学生们在构建中国经济学中的学术贡献,试图为当下的中国经济学构建提供历史借鉴。研究发现:(1)民国时期的留学生们提出并践履了构建中国经济学的"三步走"路径,即先翻译外国经济学著作,然后推进经济学研究和教学的中国化,最后提出中国经济学说。(2)在"三步走"路径中,翻译是基础,留学生们大量译介外国经济学论著,打开了国人了解现代经济学的大门;中国化是中介目标,留学生们运用经济学理论研究中国经济问题,结合中国经济实际编撰中国版经济学教材,有力地推进了经济学研究和教学的中国化;创建中国经济学是最终目标,留学生们从"国家经济学"和"世界主义经济学"两个方面进行构建中国经济学的探索。(3)总体而言,留学生们在第一步和第二步上的成绩可圈可点,但在第三步上,受限于当时中国的经济发展实践,终究未能功成。当前,我国经济学界正致力于构建中国特色社会主义政治经济学,要完成这份时代赋予的答卷,经济学家有必要全面检视民国时期留学生们在构建中国经济学上的努力,努力提高理论自觉性,积极探索构建中国经济学的各种条件和路径。

Constructing a socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics and Chinese style is an epochal answer that Chinese economic circles must complete. So,what kind of path should we explore to construct socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics?How to promote the Sinicization of economics from the two aspects of research and teaching?How to deal with the relationship between theory and practice,reality and history?How to make socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics truly embody Chinese characteristics and Chinese style?The solution of these problems is very important to the construction of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics. As early as the period of the Republic of China,a group of returned economists who had studied abroad devoted themselves to the construction of Chinese economics. They also encountered problems similar to today’s and made useful explorations. Therefore,a review of the exploratory practice of the economists in the period of the Republic of China is of great benefit to the construction of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics today.By using the methods of literature research and historical induction,this paper first makes a thorough study of the main literature published by returned economists in the period of the Republic of China,and concludes the exploration and contribution of returned economists in the construction of Chinese economics. The article draws the following conclusions:(1)Translating foreign economic works opens the door for Chinese people to understand modern economics;(2)Promoting the Sinicization of economic research and teaching makes modern economics take root in China;(3)Establishing Chinese economics from the two levels of "national economics" and "cosmopolitan economics" contributes to the development of Chinese economics and even world economics.The conclusions drawn in this paper provide the following enlightenment for the current construction of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics:Firstly,the practical experience of Chinese economic construction since the founding of New China,especially since the reform and opening up,is the background of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics. The more thoroughly "China Story" is told,the more valuable socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics will be. Secondly,to construct socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics,we need to form a "Chinese School" of economics. Thirdly,socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics cannot stop at the level of explaining Chinese practice with the economic theory,but must rise to the level of abstracting the theory of generalization,regularization and systematization from Chinese practice.The main contributions of this paper are as follows:(1)According to the "three-step" path,that is,translating foreign economic work-promoting the Sinicization of economic research and teaching-constructing Chinese economics,this paper makes a panoramic exposition of the contribution of overseas students in the period of the Republic of China to the construction of Chinese economics.(2)According to the exposition of Chinese economics by overseas students,Chinese economics is divided into Chinese economics with the characteristic of "national economics" and Chinese economics with the characteristic of "cosmopolitan economics". Taking this as the standard,the achievements and influences of overseas students on the construction of Chinese economics in the period of the Republic of China are examined.(3)Summarizing the lessons of the overseas students on the construction of Chinese economics in the period of the Republic of China,this paper puts forward some enlightenment for the current construction of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.