2014-2016年北京市9家医院人工髋膝关节置换术后假体周围感染患者微生物学的多中心调查研究

Microbiology analysis of periprothetic joint infection post total hip and knee arthroplasty of 9 centers in Beijing between 2014 and 2016

目的分析人工髋膝关节置换术后假体周围感染(PJI)患者的微生物培养结果、药物敏感性实验结果及手术治疗方法。方法收集2014—2016年北京市9家医院收治的髋、膝关节置换术后诊断为PJI的318例患者资料,其中髋关节置换术后患者148例(148髋),膝关节置换术后患者170例(170膝),患者年龄(62.3±13.1)岁(范围:21~86岁),男性145例,女性173例,体重指数(25.6±3.8)kg/m 2(范围:15.6~38.1 kg/m2)。结果318例患者关节腔穿刺液和(或)关节腔内组织微生物培养结果示革兰阳性菌209例(65.7%),革兰阴性菌29例(9.1%),真菌10例(3.1%),非结核分枝杆菌3例(0.9%),培养阴性72例(22.6%),甲氧西林耐药菌69例(21.7%);抗菌药物的药物敏感性实验结果示青霉素、头孢呋辛、阿莫西林+棒酸总体耐药率较高,分别为79.9%、69.9%、68.1%;美罗培南、万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药率均为0。髋、膝关节置换术后PJI患者的手术治疗方式中,二期翻修术分别占72.9%(108/148)和64.1%(109/170),一期翻修术占21.6%(32/148)和7.6%(13/170)、开放清创术占4.7%(7/148)和26.4%(45/170)。结论革兰阳性菌为髋、膝关节置换术后PJI的主要病原菌,需警惕耐药菌和罕见菌的产生,本组病例中二期翻修术仍是PJI的主要手术治疗方式。

Objective To investigate the microbiological test, antibiotic sensitivity and surgical treatment of periprosthetic joint infection(PJI) cases in post total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted on 318 patients who underwent THA or TKA in 9 clinical centers in Beijing from January 2014 to December 2016.The data of microbiology, antibiotic sensitivity and surgical treatment were collected.The average age of patients was (62.3±13.1) years old (range: 21-86 years old), including 145 males and 173 females.The body mass index was (25.6±3.8) kg/m 2 (range: 15.6-38.1 kg/m2). Results In total, 318 patients had microorganisms detected by periprosthetic tissue culture or synovial fluid culture, 209 cases (65.7%) had Gram-positive bacteria, 29 cases (9.1%) had Gram-negative bacteria, 10 cases (3.1%) had fungi, 3 cases (0.9%) had non-tuberculous mycobacteria, 72 cases (22.6%) were negative, 69 cases (21.7%) had methicillin-resistant bacteria. The antibiotic sensitivity results showed that the overall resistance rate of penicillin, cefuroxime, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid was 79.9%, 69.9%, and 68.1%, respectively;meropenem, vancomycin, and linezolid resistance rate was 0. For the treatment methods of hip and knee PJI, two-stage revision surgery acounted for 72.9%(108/148) and 64.1%(109/170), respectively. One-stage revision surgery accounted for 21.6%(32/148) and 7.6%(13/170), and open debridement surgery accounted for 4.7%(7/148) and 26.4%(45/170). Conclusions Gram-positive bacteria was still the main pathogen of PJI.The methicillin-resistant bacteria and rare bacteria should be payed attention to. The Majority of hip and knee PJI cases were treated by two-stage revision surgery.