被“征用”的主体——以“样板戏”中的反面人物钱守维为例

The “Expropriated” Subject: A Case Study of the Negative Character Qian Shouwei in “Model Plays”

学界本对"样板戏"中反面人物的解读不多,大致被"文艺"与"政治"、"意识形态"与"乌托邦"的二元关系和现代性视域下"主体"的生成两种研究路向主导。前者认为由于政治桎梏,文学自身创作特性未受到尊重;后者认为在主体的自我建构中,他者被符号化。通过引入阿甘本关于生命政治的思考,并以此为思考角度重新考察"样板戏"中的反面人物钱守维在生命政治领域中的境况,本文将努力还原反面人物在本体论意义上呈现出的复杂意涵,同时重新审视文本呈现出的文学与政治间的复杂关联。

There are a few scholarly interpretations of negative characters in the eight "model plays".Generally,existing scholarship is mainly dominated by two research methodologies: first,the binary of "literature and art" and "politics","ideology" and "Utopia",and second,the formation of "subject" from the perspective of modernity.The first methodology leads to the conclusion that due to political constraint,the creative characteristic of literature has not caught due attention;while in terms of the second,"the other" becomes a sign in the subject’s self-construction.By introducing Agamben’s idea of biopolitics,this article re-examines the situation of Qian Shouwei and restores the complex meanings of negative characters on the level of ontology,thus revisiting the complicated relationship between literature and politics as presented in the text.