某煤矿接尘工人下呼吸道疾病的患病现状调查

Analysis of the prevalence of lower respiratory tract disease among coal dust-exposed workers

目的了解某煤矿工人下呼吸道疾病的患病情况及影响因素,为提高煤矿工人健康水平提供科学依据。方法收集2016年于某集团职业病防治院进行职业健康检查的某煤矿接尘工人资料,分析下呼吸道疾病的患病情况及影响因素。结果该煤矿进行职业健康检查的总人数为4 000人,现患下呼吸道疾病共计114例,其中,肺结核患病率为最高(1.00%,40/4 000),其次为慢性支气管炎(0.63%,25/4 000)、煤工尘肺(0.43%,17/4 000)。煤工尘肺患者共17人,以混合工煤工尘肺患病率最高(1.15%,2/174),煤工尘肺患病率随工龄延长和年龄增长呈上升趋势,差异均有统计学意义(χ2趋势=17.171、5.344,P<0.05);不同工龄和年龄组肺气肿和慢性支气管炎的患病率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且随接尘工龄延长呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=9.906、10.118,P<0.05)。结论该煤矿接尘工人煤工尘肺患病率较低,发病与工种、接尘工龄和年龄密切相关;接尘工人下呼吸道疾病患病率较高,且随工龄延长而增高。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of lower respiratory tract disease. Methods The health physical examination data of 4000 coal dust exposed workers who had physical examination in the Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment in 2016 were collected and analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software. Results Out of the 4000 coal workers, the Prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, CWP were 1.00% (40/4000), 0.63%(25/4000), 0.43%(17/4000). 17 coal workers suffered from coal workers. The prevalence of workers both exposed to silicon and coal dust was 1.15% (2/174), which was higher than that of other the job type. The prevalence of CWP among age groups, length of service and occupational category were found significant difference (P<0.05), raising with the increase of duration of dust exposure and age increasing(χtrend^2=17.171,5.344,P<0.05). The prevalence of emphysema and chronic bronchitis between different working years and different ages are all statistically significant (P<0.05), increasing with duration of dust exposure (χtrend^2=9.906,10.118, P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of CWP is not high, and closely related with duration of dust exposure and dust species. The prevalence of lower respiratory tract disease is higher in the tunneling and mining workers and raising with the duration of dust exposure.