商业生态系统的构建与价值创造——小米智能硬件生态链案例分析

The Structure and Value Creation Process of Business Ecosystem——A Case of the Xiaomi Eco-chain

商业生态系统是典型的企业通过网络关系实现增长的路径。本文选择了后来居上的典型案例小米智能硬件生态链,从时间序列上回溯了小米构建商业生态系统的过程,研究了商业生态系统如何构建的核心问题,对以往文献未作深入讨论的商业生态系统的内在交互关系进行剖析,形成本文的主要理论贡献。研究发现:小米通过拆解自身和潜在利益相关方的资源能力和诉求选择了交易对象,而小米智能硬件生态系统的交易关系构建则基于小米及交易对象的产权与需求,更多采用分成的交易定价机制减小了主体间信息不对称和代理问题。本文利用小米生态链事业部负责人、生态链企业创始团队的一手访谈,结合公司公告、相关人员讲演、分析报告等多种信息来源,应用魏朱商业模式理论和描述框架,从资源能力互补性及交易价值创造角度,解析了小米智能硬件生态链的构建逻辑及创新之处。本文为商业生态系统打造和深化研究提供了样本。

Eco-chain is an effective instrument for firm growth through network. This paper selects Xiaomi eco-chain as a typical case of firms which catch up from behind. The formation of the business eco-chain is carefully reviewed in time series to answer the core research question, how a business ecosystem is constructed. The discussion of the transaction mode aims at explaining the internal relationship which the literature did not clearly state. We find that the transaction parties are selected based on their resources and needs, just as how Xiaomi carefully constructed Xiaomi eco-chain based on the property rights and requirements of all players, and that the matching process determines the transaction model, that is why the pricing process of sharing rather than giving mechanism is more often used. The paper studies the data from multiple sources, such as face-to-face interview with the person in charge of Xiaomi eco-chain and the start-ups, the company files, the public speeches of the CEO of Xiaomi and so on, and applies the business model theory to describe and explain the formation and value creation of a business ecosystem. The case of Xiaomi eco-chain provides an inspiring example of how an effective business ecosystem can be formed, and enlightens further researches of the business ecosystem.