现代汉语“伪装式动词短语省略”现象研究

Non-existence of “VP Ellipsis in Disguise” in Modern Chinese

现代汉语中是否存在“伪装式动词短语省略(VP Ellipsis in disguise)”,一直存在争议。该现象通常表现为动词在省略发生前移位至动词短语外部,当动词短语省略时,表面上只有宾语被删除。本文通过对汉语动词短语内部成分及其在句法结构中位置的分析,发现动词短语内部成分,包括方式副词、频率/时长补语、结果补语和不定指宾语等都不能省略,由此得出汉语不存在“伪装式动词短语省略”的判断。在此基础上,我们进一步探究缺失宾语产生的句法机制,认为动词后的位置通常是自然焦点所在位置,不能直接删除,因此省略成分必须移至句首话题位置,然后才能删除,并在原位置上留下一个语迹,该语迹内部存在句法结构。

The discussion about whether there is "VP Ellipsis in disguise" in Modem Chinese has lasted for a long time. In “VP Ellipsis in disguise”, the verb moves outside the VP before ellipsis takes place, leaving the object in the V P , therefore only the object is deleted on surface when V P Ellipsis occurs. Through examining the components of the V P and their syntactic position, this paper discovers that manner adverbials, adjuncts of postverbal frequency/duration, complements introduced by the complementizer “de” and indefinite objects cannot be elided;these components are all located inside VP. These arguments lead us to conclude that there is no “VP Ellipsis in disguise” in Modem Chinese. Base on this observation, we further find that the object position normally has a focus reading;hence, the object cannot be deleted at its original position. Instead, it moves to the initial topic position of the sentence for deletion, leaving a trace at the original position which has an internal syntactic structure.