肠道微生物与人类疾病的研究进展

Research progress in the role of gut microbiota in human diseases

肠道菌群对人体有着重要的生理作用,包括营养、消化、免疫等,研究结果证明其对肠道功能具有重要作用.肠道微生物是一个复杂生态系统,参与了人体生理、病理进程,与人体形成动态平衡状态,若这种平衡被打破,则有可能导致和加重疾病的发生和发展.近年来有研究结果证实,疾病患者肠道微生物的生物组成同健康人群相比有较为明显的不同.肠道菌群的检测与改变对于疾病的诊断与治疗具有一定价值;而运用生物学方法可从整体上研究肠道微生物与免疫、代谢之间的联系.就肠道微生物与人类疾病的相互作用,包含免疫缺陷相关疾病、自身免疫性疾病、腹腔疾病、肠道微生物相关代谢疾病、神经系统疾病及致病机制作一综述.

Gut Microbial species have different physiologic functions,such as digestion,nutrition,immunity,etc.Studies have shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in intestinal function.Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that participates in the physiological and pathological processes of the human body and forms a dynamic equilibrium with the human body.If this balance is broken,it may lead to or aggravate the occurrence and development of diseases.In recent years,researches have confirmed that the biological composition of gut microbiota in patients with diseases is significantly different from that of healthy people.The detection and transformation of gut microbiota has certain value and therapeutic effect on the diagnosis of diseases.Systematic biological methods can be used to study the relationship between gut microbiota and immunity and metabolism.In this paper,the related researches on the interactions between gut microbiota and human diseases were reviewed,including immunodeficiency-related diseases,autoimmune diseases,celiac diseases,intestinal microbial-related metabolic diseases and neurological diseases,and the related pathogenesis was summarized as well.