早期食管癌及高级别上皮内瘤变内镜黏膜下剥离术后非治愈性切除的危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors for non-curative resection after endoscopic submucosal dissection in early esophageal cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia

目的探讨早期食管癌和高级别上皮内瘤变行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)后非治愈性切除的危险因素。方法回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院消化内科2013年1月至2016年12月行ESD的早期食管癌和高级别上皮内瘤变患者427例的临床病理资料,根据其术后病理和免疫组织化学等检查结果判定为治愈性切除组和非治愈性切除组。统计学方法采用卡方检验、单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析。结果早期食管癌和高级别上皮内瘤变患者427例,年龄为(63.2±7.7)岁,其中男302例,女125例。早期食管癌96例,高级别上皮内瘤变331例。ESD整块切除率为94.8%(405/427),88例为ESD治疗后非治愈性切除,非治愈性切除率为20.6%。单因素分析显示,治愈性切除组与非治愈性切除组在病变是否为早期食管癌(OR值为3.682,95%CI 2.216~6.118,P<0.01)、黏膜下浸润(OR值为10.220,95%CI 4.861~21.481,P<0.01)、ESD适应证(OR值为6.005,95%CI 3.545~10.172,P<0.01)和病灶基底部注射后抬举征(OR值为2.508,95%CI 1.005~6.255,P=0.042)方面差异均有统计学意义。多因素非条件logistic回归分析发现,黏膜下浸润阳性(OR值为4.329,95%CI为1.758~10.661,P=0.001)、病变超过ESD绝对适应证范围(OR值为6.484,95%CI为2.205~19.068,P=0.001)和术中抬举征阴性(OR值为3.182,95%CI为1.171~8.651,P=0.023)均为非治愈性切除的独立危险因素。结论病理提示为早期食管癌、存在黏膜下浸润、非ESD绝对适应证和术中抬举征阴性的患者易发生非治愈性切除,黏膜下浸润、非ESD绝对适应证和术中抬举征阴性为非治愈性切除的独立危险因素。

Objective To investigate the risk factors for non-curative resection after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early esophageal cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods The clinicopathological data of 427 cases of early esophageal cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia who underwent ESD was performed from January 2013 to December 2016 in the Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry, 339 patients were defined as curative resection group and 88 patients were defined as non-curative resection group. Chi-square test, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 427 patients were enrolled in this study, with an average age of (63.2±7.7) years, including 96 cases of early esophageal cancer and 331 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. The enbloc resection rate of ESD was 94.8%(405/427), 88 of them were non-curative resected, and the non-curative resection rate was 20.6%. Univariate analysis showed that early esophageal cancer (odds ratio (OR)=3.682, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.216 to 6.118, P<0.01), submucosal infiltration (OR=10.220, 95%CI4.861 to 21.481, P<0.01), ESD indications (OR=6.005, 95%CI3.545 to 10.172, P<0.01) and lifting sign after injecting at the base of lesions (OR=2.508, 95%CI1.005 to 6.255, P=0.042) were statistically significant between non-curative resection group and curative resection group. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that submucosal infiltration (OR=4.329, 95%CI1.758 to 10.661, P=0.001), not absolute indications of ESD (OR=6.484, 95%CI2.205 to 19.068, P=0.001) and negative lifting sign (OR=3.182, 95%CI1.171 to 8.651, P=0.023) were independent risk factors for non-curative resection. Conclusions Patients with early esophageal cancer, submucosal infiltration, not absolute indications for ESD and negative lifting signs are prone to non-curative resection. Moreover, submucosal infiltration, not absolute indications for ESD, and negative lifting signs are the independent risk factors for non-curative resection.