行为生态学模式在医院感染管理中的应用效果

Effects of behavioral ecology model in healthcare-associated infection management

目的探讨行为生态学模式在医院感染管理中的应用效果。方法采用随机抽样法随机抽取河南省南阳市中心医院2015年6月—2016年5月病历800份作为对照组,2016年6月—2017年5月病历800份作为观察组。对照组采用常规医院感染管理模式,观察组在对照组基础上进行行为生态学模式管理。比较两组医院感染率、医院感染菌种分布、医院感染相关知识掌握程度、手卫生合格率。结果观察组发生医院感染例数为14例(1.75%)低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=7.913,P=0.006);观察组分离出395株与医院感染相关的病原体,对照组分离出475株;观察组医院感染相关知识、手卫生考核平均分数分别为(96±15)、(98±12)分,均高于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论运用行为生态学模式强化意识、环境、行为的相互作用,可提高护理人员医院感染认知度、相关知识水平及手卫生合格率,减少医院感染发生率,对医院感染控制有积极作用。

Objective To explore the effects of behavioral ecology model in healthcare-associated infection management. Methods By random sampling, we selected 800 medical records at Nanyang City Center Hospital of He'nan Province from June 2015 to May 2016 in control group, and 800 medical records from June 2016 to May 2017 in observation group. Control group adopted routine healthcare-associated infection management. On the basis of that in control group, observation group carried out the management with the behavioral ecology model. We compared the nosocomial infection rate, bacterial distribution, knowledge of healthcare-associated infection as well as the qualified rate of hand hygiene between two groups. Results There were 14 cases (1.75%) with healthcare-associated infection in observation group less than that in control group with a statistical difference (χ^2=7.913, P=0.006). Observation group distributed 395 nosocomial infection related pathogens, while control group distributed 475 of that. The scores of knowledge of healthcare-associated infection and hand hygiene in observation group were (96±15) and (98±12) respectively higher than those in control group with statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions The application of behavioral ecology model in strengthening the interaction among consciousness, environment and behavior can improve the cognition on healthcare-associated infection, knowledge and rate of hand hygiene of nurses, reduce the rate of hand hygiene which had positive effects on healthcare-associated infection control.